Daniel Barbosa Coelho

Effect of ACTN3 gene on strength and endurance in soccer players.

Abstract Pimenta, EM, Coelho, DB, Veneroso, CE, Barros Coelho, EJ, Cruz, IR, Morandi, RF, De A. Pussieldi, G, Carvalho, MRS, Garcia, ES, and De Paz Fernández, JA. Effect of ACTN3 gene on strength and endurance in soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 27(12): 3286–3292, 2013—Sports efficiency in activities in which strength and speed are the determining factors has been associated to the ACTN3 gene, which is responsible for the expression of &agr;-actinin-3. Soccer is a mainly aerobic sport because of its long duration, but the acute actions that define the game demand a lot of strength and speed. The purpose of the present study was to compare the performance capacity of soccer players with different genotype groups of ACTN3 (XX, RX, and RR) in strength, speed, and endurance tests. Two hundred professional players of Brazilian soccer first division teams participated in this study. Speed, jump, and endurance test results were compared with the polymorphisms of the ACTN3 gene. It was noticed that RR individuals spent less time to run a 10-m path, compared with XX individuals (p < 0.05). The RR individuals also presented lower time rates at the 20- and 30-m path, compared with RX and XX individuals (p < 0.05). In jump tests, RR individuals presented higher rates, compared with RX and XX individuals (p < 0.05). As for aerobic tests, the XX individuals presented higher rates of V[Combining Dot Above]O2 max, compared with the RR group (p < 0.05), and did not differ from the RX group. The main conclusion of this study is that soccer players of genotype ACTN3/RR are the fastest in short distances and present higher jump potential. ACTN3/XX individuals presented the highest aerobic capacity. These findings can be used in training load adjustment and can influence the development of tactical schemes in soccer matches.

Intensidade de sessões de treinamento e jogos oficiais de futebol

No treinamento esportivo, a intensidade e um dos componentes mais determinantes da carga de treinamento. Entretanto, poucos estudos investigaram a intensidade de esforco (IE) de sessoes de treinamento frequentemente utilizadas por treinadores e preparadores fisicos de futebol. O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar e comparar a IE de duas sessoes de treinamento (coletivo e campo reduzido) com a IE de jogos de uma competicao oficial de futebol. A frequencia cardiaca (FC) de oito atletas juvenis, pertencentes a um clube da primeira divisao do futebol brasileiro, foi medida e registrada durante duas sessoes de treinamento (coletivo e campo reduzido) e durante seis jogos de uma competicao oficial. A IE registrada nos jogos da competicao oficial (166 ± 3 bpm e 84 ± 1,3 %FCmax) foi maior em comparacao com a IE registrada durante o treinamento coletivo (150 ± 3 bpm e 75 ± 1,8 %FCmax). Nao houve diferenca entre a IE dos jogos da competicao oficial e a IE do treinamento em campo reduzido (157 ± 5 bpm e 79 ± 2,6 %FCmax). A semelhanca entre as IEs do treinamento em campo reduzido e dos jogos oficiais registradas no presente estudo sugere que esta atividade pode ser utilizada como um estimulo especifico de treinamento aerobico para o futebol.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE-I/D) polymorphism frequency in Brazilian soccer players.

This study aimed to analyze the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE-I/D) allelic and genotypic frequencies in Brazilian soccer players of different ages. The study group comprised 353 players from first-division clubs in the under (U)-14, U-15, U-17, U-20, and professional categories. The allelic and genotypic frequencies did not differ significantly in any of the categories between the group of players and the control group. This was the first study of ACE-I/D polymorphism in Brazilian soccer players.

ANALYSIS OF CREATINE KINASE AND ALPHA-ACTIN CONCENTRATIONS IN SOCCER PRE-SEASON DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18511/0103-1716/rbcm.v23n4p5-14

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to assess muscle overload through changes in creatine kinase (CK) activity and serum concentration of α-actin in soccer players in response of two months of pre-season physical training. Basic procedures: Ten professional athletes (26 ± 6 years of age) undergoing arduous training were evaluated. Serum CK activity and α-actin serum concentration were determined at the beginning and end of two months of pre-season training. Effort intensity was determined throughout the training sessions by monitoring heart rate (HR). Serum CK activity was determined using the colorimetric method. Plasma α-actin concentration was evaluated using ELISA and confirmed using the Western Blot method. Main Findings: Serum CK activity and α-actin concentration were higher in the post-training period in comparison to the pre-training period (CK: PRE 65.5 ± 4.2 U/L, POST 435.7 ± 70.0 U/L, p=0.0004; α-actin by Western Blot: PRE 42.9 ± 21.6 μg/mL, POST 68.1 ± 19.1 μg/mL, p=0.0004; by ELISA: PRE 70.63 ± 10.4 μg/mL, POST 101.80 ± 17.3 μg/mL, p=0.0125). Conclusions: The significant increases in α-actin concentration and in CK activity of soccer players over the two-month pre-season indicated that an elevated training overload was imposed upon the athletes.

Eccentric Overload Muscle Damage is Attenuated By a Novel Angiotensin- (1-7) Treatment

The development of new strategies to attenuate exercise-induced muscle damage may be helpful for training regimens. The aim of this study was to determine whether a oral formulation of angiotensin Ang-(1-7)[HPβCD/Ang-(1-7)] is effective to reduce pain, and muscle damage markers after eccentric-overload exercise. HPβCD (Placebo) and HPβCD/Ang-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7) group were treated for 7 days (one capsule/day). The pain was measured by visual analogue scale, maximal strength (MS) using force platform. Blood samples were collected for cytokines and creatine kinase (CK) analysis. The Ang-(1-7)-treated group reported less pain immediately (3.46±0.64 vs. placebo 3.80±0.77 cm) and 24 h after exercise (3.07±0.71 vs. 3.73±0.58 cm placebo) and higher MS at 24 h (24±12 N) and 48 h (30±15 N) vs. placebo (-8±9 N and -10±9 N). The CK for Ang-(1-7) (0.5±0.1 and 0.9±0.2 U/L) were lower at 48 and 72 h vs. placebo (fold changes of 1.7±0.5 and 1.5±0.3 U/L). The TNF-α level was lower in the treated group post-exercise (38±2.5 pg/ml) vs. placebo (45±2.9 pg/ml) but no significant changes were observed for IL-6 and IL-10. Our data indicate that treatment with Ang-(1-7) may attenuate pain, some of the muscle damage markers and improves performance following eccentric exercise.

ANÁLISE DAS CAPACIDADES FÍSICAS DE CRIANÇAS DOS SETE AOS DEZ ANOS DE IDADE

Resumo: Desempenho motor e o termo utilizado para agrupar as capacidades forca, velocidade, resistencia, flexibilidade e coordenacao. O desempenho motor de criancas e preocupacao permanente entre os especialistas da area da saude. Esse interesse justifica-se ja que a atividade fisica desempenha importante papel na prevencao de doencas e melhoria da capacidade funcional. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a capacidade motora em criancas de ambos os sexos. Apos consentimento por escrito dos pais, participaram do estudo 232 criancas de ambos os sexos entre as idades de sete e 10 anos. O desempenho motor foi avaliado utilizando-se os testes de sentar e alcancar, resistencia abdominal, salto horizontal e corrida de 30 metros. Foi utilizado ANOVA two way e post hoc de Tukey para comparacao das variaveis entre as idades e o sexo. O nivel de significância foi de 5%. A flexibilidade nao foi modificada pela idade e sexo (p > 0,05). O salto horizontal e o numero de abdominais foram maiores nos meninos comparados as meninas e nas idades de 10, nove e oito anos comparados a idade de sete anos (p < 0,001). O tempo para percorrer 30 m foi menor nos meninos comparado as meninas (p < 0,001), sendo que a idade de 10 anos apresentou valores menores comparado as demais idades e as idades de nove e oito anos demonstraram menores valores comparado a idade de sete anos (p < 0,001). De modo geral, os meninos apresentam melhor desempenho motor comparado as meninas na faixa etaria avaliada. A idade de sete anos parece representar um periodo de transicao no desempenho motor.