Daniel Cox

ROCK SLOPES UNDER IRREGULAR WAVE ATTACK

Tanah Lot Temple is situated in Tabanan Regency - Bali, on the coast of the Indonesian Ocean. Due to continuous wave attack, wind force, and weathering of the rock bank where the Temple stands, abrasion has occured which is more and more threatening the existence of the Temple. Considering that Tanah Lot Temple is a sacred place for the Hindu Balinese people and a place of high cultural value, and also an important tourism, steps to save the Temple are imperative. The Central as well as the Regional Authorities, and also the Bali nese community are very much interested in the effort to keep the Temple intact. Measures have been undertaken to protect both the seaside and land-side banks of the Temple rock bank. This paper only discusses counter measures of the sea —side bank of the Temple.

FORMULATION AND VALIDATION OF VERTICALLY 2-D SHALLOW-WATER WAVE MODEL

A study of alternatives including a shoreline evolution numerical modelization has been carried out in order to both diagnose the erosion problem at the beaches located between Cambrils Harbour and Pixerota delta (Tarragona, Spain) and select nourishment alternatives.Engineers and scientists at the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES) are developing a Rapidly Installed Breakwater (RIB) System specifically designed to address problems associated with the militarys efforts to offload ships during Logistics Over The Shore (LOTS) operations. Problems arise with these operations when seas become energetic and limit capabilities of crane operators and stevedore crews. The RIB System is designed to solve this problem by creating a pool of calmer water where these operations occur so that crews can continue to function. A series of small-scale laboratory experiments conducted in 1995 and 1996 at WESs facilities in Vicksburg, Miss., and at the O. H. Hinsdale Wave Research Laboratory at Oregon State University in Corvallis, laid the groundwork for the RIB System development and yielded an optimum RIB System configuration known as the Double Delta. Laboratory results, obtained with the Double Delta configuration, showed that wave heights could be reduced by more than 80 percent. During the spring and summer of 1996, a mid-scale RIB System successfully demonstrated its capabilities during a field deployment, with wave height reduction on the order of 75 percent. Based on these results, it is believed that the RIB System will be integrated into the Armys LOTS asset inventory and become a key part of the solution to the militarys LOTS problems.

Three-Dimensional Laboratory Experiments for Tsunami Inundation in a Coastal City

Laboratory experiments were conducted for tsunami inundation to an urban area with large building roughness. The waterfront portion of the city of Seaside which is located on the US Pacific Northwest coast, was replicated in 1/50 scale in the wave basin. Tsunami heights and velocities on the inundated land were measured at approximately 31 locations for one incident tsunami heights with an inundation height of approximately 10 m (prototype) near the shoreline. The inundation pattern and speed were more severe and faster in some areas due to the arrangement of the large buildings. Momentum fluxes along the roads were estimated using measure tsunami inundation heights and horizontal fluid velocities. As expected, the maximum momentum flux was near the shoreline and decreased landward. Inundation heights and momentum flux were slowly decreased through the road with buildings on each side. The results from this study showed that the horizontal inundation velocity is an important factor for the external force of coastal structures.