Daniel E. Duggan

A Spectrophotofluorometric Study of Compounds of Biological Interest

Abstract An experimental spectrophotofluorometer and two commercial instruments of essentially the same design have been applied to a broad survey of the fluorescence characteristics of organic metabolites in solution. Useful ultraviolet or visible fluorescence was found to be exhibited by a large number of the light-absorbing compounds of biochemical significance, many of which had not previously been reported as fluorescing in solution. For each fluorophor, the wavelengths of maximum activation and fluorescence, the optimum pH for the development of fluorescence intensity, and an arbitrary measure of the ultimate sensitivity are presented. Some practical aspects of the application of spectrophotofluorometry to qualitative and quantitative analysis are discussed.

Spectrofluorometric determination of tocopherols.

Abstract A convenient and sensitive method for the differential determination of free and esterified tocopherols utilizing ultraviolet spectrofluorometry is presented. The introduction of a stoichiometric excess of ethereal LiAlH 4 into hydrocarbon solutions of tocopherol esters was found to result in a quantitative cleavage to the free alcohols. The method has been applied to the determination of tocopherols in plasma and found to give results in substantial agreement with those obtainable by existing chemical methods.

Reinheitskriterien isotop markierter Verbindungen

Voraussetzung fur die genaue Bestimmung der Radioaktivitat einer Verbindung ist ihre absolute radioaktive Reinheit. Es mus daher mit auserster Sorgfalt festgestellt werden, ob die gemessene Aktivitat tatsachlich nur von der betreffenden Verbindung stammt oder ob diese noch radioaktive Verunreinigungen enthalt. Dies gilt sowohl fur das isotopenmarkierte Ausgangsmaterial als auch besonders fur die aus biologischem Material isolierten Stoffwechselprodukte, deren Aktivitat bestimmt werden soll.

The use of radioactive isotopes for pharmacological research

The use of isotopically labeled drugs has greatly broadened the scope of pharmacological research. It is now possible to study the distribution in tissue, the concentration at active sites, or the transformation in the body of almost any drug into which an isotope can be introduced. Although the stable isotopes such as oxygen-18, nitrogen-14 or carbon-13 can be incorporated into many drugs, the more easily measured radioactive tracers are generally used. Radioactive techniques are dealt with in detail in other chapters. Some of the factors which apply particularly to the use of these techniques in work with drugs have been selected for discussion here.

Radioactive Isotopes in Physiology Diagnostics and Therapy / Künstliche Radioaktive Isotope in Physiologie Diagnostik und Therapie

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Ermittlung von Einzelheiten bei Reaktionsabläufen

Die Verwendung isotopenmarkierter Verbindungen bei Stoffwechseluntersuchungen gestattet ganz allgemein folgende Aussagen: 1. Die Verteilung innerhalb des Organismus und die Ausscheidung kann bestimmt werden. 2. Es last sich feststellen, ob eine Verbindung an dem betreffenden Stoffwechselvorgang beteiligt ist. 3. Durch eine Lokalisation des Isotops kann weiterhin gepruft werden, in welcher Weise die markierte Verbindung in das Stoffwechselprodukt eingebaut wird, ob wahrend des Stoffwechsels eine Veranderung in der Reihenfolge von Atomen eintritt und ob bestimmte Atome oder Atomgruppierungen abgespalten werden.