Daniel Pereira da Silva

Immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase onto an eco-friendly support in the presence of ionic liquid

Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) was immobilized on an eco-friendly support poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), by physical adsorption, using different ionic liquids (ILs) as immobilization additives. This was to investigate the influence of cationic core ([C4mpy]Cl, [C4min]Cl), of anions ([C4min]Cl, [C4min]N(CN)2, [C4min]Tf2N), and of cation chain length ([C2min]Tf2N, [C4min]Tf2N) in the immobilization process. The immobilized biocatalysts (IB) were characterized with respect to the morphological, physico-chemical properties, total activity recovery yield (Ya), and biochemical properties of more efficient IB were evaluated. Initially, it was found that the change of cationic core did not influence in Ya compared to the control. With change of anions, it was seen that the best result was obtained for the more hydrophobic anion (Tf2N), and finally increasing the cation chain length increased Ya. IB most efficient with [C4min]Tf2N obtained 78xa0% of Ya, more than twice the control value (30xa0%) and a considerable enhancement of operational stability compared with the control.

New strategy to apply perfluorodecalin as an oxygen carrier in lipase production: minimisation and reuse.

A novel strategy for the production of lipase by Bacillus sp. ITP-001 in a stirred tank fermenter using perfluorodecalin (PFD) was studied. Firstly, a response surface methodology 22 with three central points was employed to optimise the effect of agitation speed and aeration rate in lipase production. According to the response from the experimental designs, 300xa0rpm (revolutions per minute) and 0.5xa0vvm (air volume/liquid volume per minute) were found to provide the best condition (lipolytic activity: LAxa0=xa03,140.76xa0Uxa0mL−1). Then, the influence of PFD concentration on the fermentation process was evaluated. Incorporation of PFD at all concentrations above 1xa0% had no statistically significant influence on lipase production, that is, the previous optimisation allowed the reduction of the amount of PFD added besides increasing lipase production. Furthermore, PFD could be used in three sequential fermentations without altering the statistical production of lipase, reducing by 67xa0% the cost of PFD addition.

Prospecting of soybean hulls as an inducer carbon source for the cellulase production

Abstract Cellulases constitute an enzymatic complex involved in the cellulose hydrolysis β-1, 4-glycosidic linkages to release of glucose. Therefore, its application to degrade agro-industrial residues becomes relevant, since glucose is a product of industrial interest, aiming at its conversion into biocommodity production (e.g., enzymes, bioethanol and other value-added biochemicals). Thus, in natura Soybean hulls as well as fractions obtained from its alkaline, autohydrolysis and organosolv pretreatments were used as carbon sources in submerged fermentation processes to evaluate the cellulase-inducing capacity using a Penicillium sp. strain. Results showed an inductive effect on the production of 0.130 and 0.066u2009U/mL for CMCase and FPase, respectively, using 1% of the in natura residue. Regarding the fraction obtained from soybean hulls pretreated by autohydrolysis and organosolv, avicelase and β-Glucosidase displayed a production of 0.200 and 0.550u2009U/mL, respectively. Therefore, the use of pretreated Soybean hull revealed its potential as an alternative carbon source for the cellulase production, which may contribute significantly to biotechnological purposes by adding value to an agro-industrial residue.

Prospecting fungal ligninases using corncob lignocellulosic fractions

Microorganisms play an important role in the bioconversion of organic residues and have therefore become promising for obtaining value-added enzymes. In an attempt to take advantage of the by-products and residues of bioconversion, this work sought to use lignocellulosic fractions extracted from corncob as fermentation substrate for ligninase induction by Pleurotus sajor-caju. To obtain the corncob lignocellulosic fractions, biomass was submitted to treatment by alkaline extraction (NaOH 0.75xa0molxa0L−1, 55xa0°C for 2xa0h) and organosolv (40% ethanol/water, 185xa0°C for 20xa0min). The in natura biomass and lignocellulosic fractions were used as substrates in the subsequent fermentation processes: 2% in natura corncob; 2% cellulose–lignin complex fraction; 2% lignin-enriched fraction; 1% lignin-enriched fraction; and synthetic medium fungal (SMF) as standard. Chemical and physical–chemical analyses indicated the effectiveness of the lignocellulosic extraction process. According to the results, the developed system promoted the induction of ligninases by P. sajor-caju. The enzymatic analysis showed laccase production (768xa0Uxa0L−1) using the 1% lignin-enriched fraction as substrate. Manganese peroxidase production was 1050xa0Uxa0L−1 with the use of the 2% lignin-enriched fraction. The presence of lignocellulosic fractions extracted from corncob’s lignin-enriched fraction in the culture medium favored the induction of ligninases in comparison to the use of residue alone.

Análise do descarte ambientalmente correto da produção do queijo coalho em fabriquetas do Sertão Sergipano

O queijo de coalho vem ocupando um lugar relevante na alimentacao humana devido ao seu alto valor nutritivo, contudo, e responsavel pelo fomento de uma grande quantidade de rejeito ou efluentes liquidos decorrentes da transformacao do leite em queijo. O principal efluente proveniente desta transformacao e o soro de queijo, este que e considerado um dos grandes poluentes da industria de laticinios e fabriquetas de pequeno, medio e grande porte, rico em gorduras, lactoses e proteinas. Atualmente e muito pouco aproveitado para fins alimenticios e todo volume desperdicado e enviado para nutricao de suinos, ou direcionados a mananciais de agua ou solo, gerando problemas ambientais como alta demanda bioquimica de oxigenio. Neste sentido e de extrema relevância buscar alternativas para o descarte ambientalmente correto e tratamentos adequados do soro de queijo. O presente estudo objetivou investigar com as fabriquetas do Alto Sertao Sergipano destinam os seus residuos ou efluentes provenientes da producao de queijo de coalho. A pesquisa e caracterizada como descritiva, realizada sob a forma de estudo de caso, com base de analise quantitativa, alem da observacao direta nas propriedades. Aplicou-se uma amostragem nao probabilistica por conveniencia, utilizando o questionario estruturado como instrumento e aplicado na amostra de 18 proprietarios de fabriquetas de queijo de coalho. No que se refere ao tratamento dos dados, estes foram compactados e exportados para o software Microsoft Office Excel, sendo analisados priorizando os aspectos socio- ambientais. Os resultados evidenciaram que 16 proprietarios responderam que os efluentes decorrentes do processo produtivo do queijo sao constituidos de soro e 2 e constituido de soro e agua de lavagem, que todos os proprietarios responderam que o destino dado aos residuos liquidos decorrentes do processo produtivo e voltado para alimentacao dos suinos, todos os proprietarios responderam que nao realizam nenhum tratamento aos rejeitos gerados pelas mesmas, que 83% da amostra consideram que os rejeitos provenientes da producao nao causam impactam em seu cotidiano e 17% sao indiferentes aos seus efeitos. Identificou-se tambem que 10 proprietarios responderam que desconhecem sobre os danos causados ao meio ambiente que o soro pode provocar, 5 conhecem pouco e 3 conhecem. Finalmente, cabe ressaltar a necessidade de demonstrar e discutir os impactos ambientes causados pelos rejeitos da producao do queijo coalho no Sertao Sergipano.

CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS OF ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS IN BRAZIL: A LITERATURE RESEARCH

O objetivo deste trabalho foi abordar os dilemas das politicas publicas na distribuicao gratuita e nuniversal dos antirretrovirais no Brasil. A investigacao bibliografica descritiva com abordagem qualitativa, npriorizou as informacoes do Ministerio da Saude, ANVISA, Secretaria de Saude, INPI e periodicos nespecializados. Foi apresentado uma breve discussao dos entraves a distribuicao dos antirretrovirais pelo nSistema Unico de Saude (SUS), evidenciado algumas estrategias que podem ser melhor exploradas pelos ngestores publicos para garantir a continuidade do tratamento dos pacientes de HIV/AIDS, quanto aos nfarmacos. A analise empreendida permitiu constatar que a gestao patentaria dos medicamentos precisa estar nalinhada com as politicas publicas de saude e a negociacao com a industria farmaceutica que estabelece nprecos exorbitantes onerando o orcamento dos cofres publicos inviabilizando a sustentabilidade do nprograma nacional de oferta universal e gratuita dos medicamentos antirretrovirais no combate ao HIV.

POTENCIALIDADES NOS INSTITUTOS FEDERAIS DA REGIÃO NORDESTE E SUA RELAÇÃO COM A GERAÇÃO DE PATENTES

Os Institutos Federais tem como objetivo principal atuar na qualificacao profissional para os diversos setores da economia brasileira, mas tambem devem atuar em pesquisas cientificas e tecnologicas visando o desenvolvimento tecnologico nacional, consolidando assim seu papel na pesquisa aplicada e inovacoes tecnologicas. Este trabalho objetiva analisar com base em dados do registro de patentes do INPI a contribuicao e potencialidade dos Institutos Federais na geracao de patentes. Atualmente existem 38 Institutos Federais, estas instituicoes estao presentes em todos os estados brasileiros contribuindo com educacao cientifica e tecnologica no pais. A pesquisa evidenciou que dos 38 institutos existentes; apenas 23 efetuaram depositos de patentes nos ultimos 08 anos, com destaque para o IFES – Instituto Federal do Espirito Santo na regiao Sudeste, o IFSC – Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina na regiao Sul enquanto que a regiao nordeste o destaque foi o IFBA – Instituto Federal da Bahia e o IFCE – Instituto Federal do Ceara

Bioremediation of distillery effluent by Pleurotus sajor-caju : evaluation of the influence of pH in vinasse derived from molasses

Background The alcohol industry is an excellent representation of the development process in Brazil, it considers the sugar cane as one of the biggest monocultures. As a result of this high production, there is the vinasse, a residue from the alcohol production after the pulp fermentation and distillation of the wine (Pulp after fermentation), ensuing from 8 to 15 liters for each liter of ethanol produced. This high colored effluent and an objectionable odor is rich in nutrients, mainly in organic matter, having a high potencial poluent when it is inaccordingly in the environment [1,2]. Lignolytic fungi can be used to the remediation of the pollutants, such as vinasse, by the action of peroxidases. So, the search is interested in reducing the contaminations caused by the direct application of the vinasse on the earth without a previous treatment. Therefore the objective is to characterize the biodegradation of the residue through the basidiomycetes Pleurotus sajor-cajuCCB 020 and consequently to produce enzymes with biotechnological potential, decoloring the vinasse and minimizing the polluter potential. After the treatment of the vinasse, it shows several goals as the fertirrigation, the water reuse for the washing proccess of the sugar cane and/or other activities related to the industrial process.