Daniel Terao

Controle em pós-colheita de Penicillium digitatum EM laranja-pera com microrganismos e tratamento térmico

The consumer market demands food without pesticide residues. Therefore, this study focused on evaluating the control of green mold in Pera orange trees with biocontrol agents (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis (QST 713)), associated or not with heat treatment. The fruit was obtained in packinghouse before processing, being washed and disinfected with the use of Sodium Hypochlorite. Fruits submitted to these treatments were stored from 11 to 28 days at temperature of 10 oC and RH 90%±5 or for eight days at 20 oC and 90%±5. In general, the heat treatment reduced the disease severity determine by the area under the disease progress curve in the fruit and the incidence of natural postharvest disease in Pera oranges. On the other hand, biocontrol agents did not control the disease, showing that the organisms tested did not present curative activity against the green mold.

Efeito de bactérias diazotróficas na produção de abacaxizeiro 'Cayenne Champac', sob irrigação, em dois níveis de adubação nitrogenada

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of diazotrophic bacteria on yield of pineapple cv. Cayenne Champac (Champaka), under irrigation, with two levels of N fertilization. Treatments consisted of two N levels (180 kg and 300 kg ha-1 year-1), on the plots, and micropropagated plantlets inoculated with bacteria related to Burkholderia cepacia AB213, with Asaia bogorensis AB219 and without bacterial inoculation, on the subplots, using three replications. The bacterial inoculation was performed in a laboratory (with 108 bacterial cells plant-1) and the plant acclimatization in a glass house. After five months, they were transferred onto field, using 0.9 m between the lines and 0.3 m between the plants. The cultivar presented good performance under irrigation on the sandy soil in Pacajus, Ceara State, when fertilized with the highest N level. For each kilogram of the element the fresh mass of fruits grew by 124.3 kg ha-1, for the fertilizer levels. Plants inoculated with AB219 produced bigger fruits and 19.4% and 17.3% heavier when compared to fresh mass of fruits without and with crown from the controls on higher N level. The lower contribution of AB213 isolate was observed, and the fresh mass of fruits with crown ranged up to 9.9% on lower N level. The diazotrophic bacterial contribution on pineapple cv. Cayenne Champac was demonstrated with this work..

Effect of increased UV-B radiation on biological control of the gray mold by Clonostachys rosea and on the expression of strawberry defense-related enzymes

Changes in UV-B radiation can have large effects on the management of the pathogen Botrytis cinerea, especially on strawberry production in Brazil. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of the increased UV-B radiation on biological control of gray mold by Clonostachys rosea and on the expression of plant defense-related enzymes. The experiments were laid out in randomized complete blocks in a split-plot design. The whole-plot factor was represented by UV-B treatments: 1. ambient solar UV; 2. ambient solar UV reduced by 80% (UV-); 3 ambient solar UV supplemented with UV-B lamps (UV+). The split-plot factors were: 1. plants sprayed with water (control); 2. plants exposed to B. cinerea; 3 plants sprayed weekly with an inoculum suspension of C. rosea and exposed to B. cinerea. The latent infection of B. cinerea was evaluated during five weeks per season, after which leaves were collected to assess the peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase and chitinase activities. No significant effect on B. cinerea incidence for irradiation treatments were observed during both seasons, although C. rosea treatments have been able to control gray mold on fruits. The enzymatic activity was related to the ambient condition, not to the exposure of the plants to these micro-organisms. Only UV+ conditions led to an increase of polyphenoloxidase activity in season 2. The results indicate that the increase of UV-B radiation has no influence on the ability of C. rosae to control the gray mold on strawberry.

Manejo da podridão de melão pelo controle do amadurecimento através do 1-mcp, sob duas condições de armazenamento

ABSTRACT The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of 1-MCP (at 300 nL.L -1 )on de physiological changes occurring duringripening of Orange type melon fruits cv. Orange flesh and on thecontrol of Fusarium pallidoroseum , causal agent of rot in melonfruit, under two environment conditions at room temperature (29 ±1 oC) and 65 ± 2 % R. H. and at refrigeration temperature (10 ± 2 oCand 90 ± 3 % RH) during 15 days and additional 9 days at roomtemperature. Respiratory rate, ethylene production, weight loss, skinand pulp color pulp firmness, pH, total soluble sugars, total titrableacidity, total soluble solids, and disease severity were evaluated. Theexperimental design was completely randomized, factorial with four Terao, D.; Oliveira, S.M.A.; Viana, F.M.P.; Sa, C.R.L.; Moura, R.D.; Gondim, D.M.F. Melon rot management by ripening control whith 1-MCP treatment under two storage conditions. Summa Phytopathologica, v.35, n.2, p.110-115, 2009 Keywords:

Integração de fungicidas à refrigeração no controle de podridão pós-colheita em frutos de meloeiro

Postharvest decay caused by quiescent fungi represents a risk for fresh fruit export. Nevertheless, the number of melon (Cucumis melo) products registered for postharvest treatment is still very low. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of three fungicides (thiabendazole, azoxystrobin and imazalil at 30, 10 and 400 g a.i/100 l) on mycelium growth and sporulation of Fusarium pallidoroseum and to compare the effect of these fungicides combined with low temperatures for the control of postharvest fungal pathogens on melons. Thiabendazole and imazalil inhibited 100% of fungal mycelial growth and sporulation while azoxystrobin inhibit 87.09%. Refrigeration inhibited lesion development in melon treated with fungicides and inoculated with 107conidia/ml suspension. All tested fungicides were effective to control the incidence of post-harvested fungal pathogens at room temperature for up to six days of storage. Thiabendazole and azoxystrobin were efficient in reducing severity and lesion size for up to 12 and 16 days of storage, respectively. Under refrigeration, better control was obtained with thiabendazole and imazalil. When withdrawn from a refrigerated environment, the fungicides were able to maintein control until day 20. For severity, azoxystrobin and imazalil differed from the control; for lesion size, only azoxystrobin differed. During 34 days in refrigerated storage, the fungicides controlled equally for incidence and lesion size while for severity, a better control was obtain with thiabendazole and imazalil. Imazalil had the best control of spontaneous lesions that occurred on fruit peciolous.