J. A. Guimaraes

Diversity and seasonality of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae and Lonchaeidae) and their parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae and Figitidae) in orchards of guava, loquat and peach.

This work was carried out in orchards of guava progenies, and loquat and peach cultivars, in Monte Alegre do Sul, SP, Brazil, in 2002 and 2003. Guavas and loquats were bagged and unbagged bi-weekly and weekly, respectively, for assessment of the infestation period. Peach was only bagged weekly. The assays started when the fruits were at the beginning of development, but still green. Ripe fruits were taken to the laboratory and placed individually into plastic cups. McPhail plastic traps containing torula yeast were hung from January 2002 to January 2004 to assess the fruit fly population in each orchard, but only the Ceratitis capitata population is here discussed. Five tephritid species were reared from the fruits: Anastrepha bistrigata Bezzi, A. fraterculus (Wiedemann), A. obliqua (Macquart), A. sororcula Zucchi, and C. capitata, in addition to six lonchaeid species: Neosilba certa (Walker), N. glaberrima (Wiedemann), N. pendula (Bezzi), N. zadolicha McAlpine and Steyskal, Neosilba sp. 4, and Neosilba sp. 10 (both species are in the process of being described by P. C. Strikis), as well as some unidentified Neosilba species. Ten parasitoid species were obtained from fruit fly puparia, of which five were braconids: Asobara anastrephae (Muesebeck), Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti), D. brasiliensis (Szépligeti), Opius bellus Gahan, and Utetes anastrephae (Viereck), and five figitids: Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brèthes), Dicerataspis grenadensis Ashmead, Lopheucoila anastrephae (Rhower), Leptopilina boulardi (Barbotin, Carlton and Kelner-Pillaut), and Trybliographa infuscata Diaz, Gallardo and Uchôa. Ceratitis capitata showed a seasonal behavior with population density peaking at the second semester of each year. Anastrepha and Neosilba species remained in the orchards throughout both years.

Parasitism behavior of three species of Eucoilinae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Figitidae) fruit fly parasitoids (Diptera) in Brazil

Eucoilinae are larval endoparasitoids of cyclorrhaphous dipterous. Several species have been associated with frugivorous larvae (Tephritidae, Lonchaeidae and Drosophilidae). Some species of these dipterous cause serious damage to fruit crops. In order to minimize their damage, Integrated Pest Management (IPM) using biological control with hymenopteran parasitoids has been used. Studies on parasitism behavior can maximize the use of parasitoids in biological control programs. Thus, this paper had as objectives (1) to study the olfactory response of Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brethes) and Dicerataspis grenadensis Ashmead to the volatile emitted by guava infested with fruit fly larvae and (2) to verify the behavioral sequence of location and evaluation of hosts by A. pelleranoi, D. grenadensis and Odontosema albinerve Kieffer in laboratory and in field conditions. Experiments in a four-armed airflow olfactometer showed that A. pelleranoi and D. grenadensis were more attracted to volatiles of fruits infested with frugivorous larvae. The behavioral sequence of Eucoilinae, in ripe guava pulp infested by frugivorous larvae, showed that A. pelleranoi and O. albinerve located the host larvae by vibrotaxis and D. grenadensis found the host larvae with the ovipositor. These results established that D. grenadensis showed specificity to larvae of the family Drosophilidae in rotting guava.

Diversity of Anastrepha spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Associated Braconid Parasitoids from Native and Exotic Hosts in Southeastern Bahia, Brazil

ABSTRACT We documented fruit fly-host associations and infestation rates over 5 yr in the state of Bahia, Brazil, by systematically collecting native and introduced fruits in backyard and commercial orchards, experimental stations, and patches of native vegetation. Fruit were collected in multiple sites in the southern and southernmost regions of Bahia. A total of 942.22 kg from 27 fruit species in 15 plant families was collected throughout this study. Of these, 15 plant species from six families were infested by Anastrepha species. A total of 11,614 fruit flies was reared from the fruit (5,178 females and 6,436 males). No specimens of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) were recovered. Eleven Anastrepha species were recovered from the collected fruit: Anastrepha antunesi Lima (0.04%), Anastrepha distincta Greene (0.1%), Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (53.5%), Anastrepha leptozona Hendel (4.5%), Anastrepha manihoti Lima (0.1%), Anastrepha montei Lima (1.0%), Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) (33.0%), Anastrepha pickeli Lima (2.0%), Anastrepha serpentina (Wiedemann) (1.0%), Anastrepha sororcula Zucchi (3.0%), and Anastrepha zenildae Zucchi (1.8%). We recovered 1,265 parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Anastrepha pupae. Three species of braconids were found to parasitize larvae of nine Anastrepha species. The most common parasitoid species recovered was Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti) (81.7%), followed by Utetes anastrephae (Viereck) (12.2%) and Asobara anastrephae (Muesebeck) (6.1%). We report A. fraterculus infesting Malay apple Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L. M. Perry and A. fraterculus, A. sororcula, and A. zenildae infesting araza Eugenia stipitata McVaugh for the first time in Brazil.

Moscas-das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae) e seus parasitoides (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) associados às plantas hospedeiras no sul da Bahia

The association among Anastrepha species, braconid parasitoids and host fruits in southern Bahia is recorded. Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti) was associated with A. serpentina (Wied.) in Pouteria caimito, A. bahiensis Lima in Helicostylis tomentosa, A. sororcula Zucchi in Eugenia uniflora, and A. obliqua (Macquart) in Spondias purpurea. Anatrepha obliqua was unique in fruits of Averrhoa carambola, but associated with D. areolatus, Asobara anastrephae (Muesebeck) and Utetes anastrephae (Viereck). In Achras sapota, A. serpentina was associated with A. anastrephae and D. areolatus, while in Psidium guajava, A. fraterculus (Wied.) and A. sororcula were associated with D. areolatus and U. anastrephae.

Wild Hosts of Frugivorous Dipterans (Tephritidae and Lonchaeidae) and Associated Parasitoids in the Brazilian Amazon

We report for the first time Simaba guianensis Aubl. (Sapindales: Simaroubaceae) as a host of Tephritidae, i.e., Anastrepha fraterculus and Anastrepha parishi . Also we report new hosts for species of Neosilba . Finally we report new associations between parasitoid hymenopterans and Anastrepha species. Simaba guianensis Aubl. (Sapindales: Simaroubaceae) e registrada pela primeira vez como hospedeiro de Tephritidae, i.e., Anastrepha fraterculus e Anastrepha parishi . Foram registrados novos hospedeiros para especies de Neosilba . Adicionalmente, novas associacoes de himenopteros parasitoides e especies de Anastrepha tambem sao registradas. View this article in BioOne

Native Larval Parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of Frugivorous Tephritoidea (Diptera) in South Pantanal Region, Brazil

ABSTRACT The frugivorous larvae of Tephritidae and Lonchaeidae are key pests of fruit trees and vegetable crops in Brazil and in many other South American countries. Their most important natural enemies are parasitoids of the families Braconidae and Figitidae (Hymenoptera). The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of parasitoids in larvae of fruit flies (Tephritidae) and frugivorous Lonchaeidae that infest several species of native and exotic fruit trees in the South Pantanal Region, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Ninety-two species of fruits from 36 families and 22 orders were sampled. From 11 species of host fruits, we obtained 11,197 larvae of Tephritoidea, and in some samples there occurred Braconidae, Figitidae or Pteromalidae parasitoids. The Braconidae totaled 99.45%, represented by 3 species: Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti) 92.45%, Utetes anastrephae (Viereck) 6.17%, and Opius bellus (Gahan) with 0.82%. The Figitidae were represented by Lopheucoila anastrephae (Rohwer) (0.28%), and Pteromalidae by Spalangia endius (Walker) (0.28%). Lopheucoila anastrephae emerged from puparia of Neosilba spp. (Lonchaeidae) infesting pods of Inga laurina (Swartz) Willdenow. Doryctobracon areolatus was associated with 2 species of Anastrepha:A. rheediae Stone in Rheedia brasilensis Planchon & Triana and A. zenildae Zucchi in Sorocea sprucei saxicola (Hassler) C. C. Berg. In Ximenia americana L. 14% of the larvae of Anastrepha spp. were parasitized and D. areolatus reached more than 96% of total parasitism in this host fruit. The braconids were specific to Tephritidae, and the Figitidae species collected in this work were associated only with larvae of Neosilba spp. (Lonchaeidae).

Fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) and their parasitoids on cultivated and wild hosts in the Cerrado-Pantanal ecotone in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) and their parasitoids on cultivated and wild hosts in the Cerrado-Pantanal ecotone in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Information on frugivorous flies in cultivated or wild host plants and their parasitoids in the Cerrado-Pantanal ecotone in Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul is presented and discussed. Fruit fly samples were collected weekly in specific fruit trees, and McPhail® traps were installed in the same trees for a period of two years. The fruit flies infested ripe and unripe fruits of Averrhoa carambola L., Schoepfia sp., Psidium guajava L. and Pouteria torta (Mart.) Radlk and mature fruits of Anacardium occidentale L. and Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd. Nineteen fruit fly species were obtained with the combination of sampling methods (collecting fruits and trapping), nine of them obtained with both methods, five found only in fruits and five only in traps. This is the first record of Anastrepha striata Schiner in a species of Sapotaceae, as well as for A. castanea Norrbom and A. daciformes Bezzi in Schoepfia sp. (Olacaceae), and for A. distincta Greene in fruits of P. guajava in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Fruit collections simultaneously associated with capture of fruit flies by McPhail traps in the same host plants are essential to understand the diversity of fruit flies and their relationship with hosts and parasitoids. Species of Braconidae and Pteromalidae were recovered, where Doryctobracon areolatus (Szepligeti) was the most abundant parasitoid in larvae of tephritids infesting both cultivated and wild host fruits.

Systematic Review of Species of the genus Aganaspis Lin (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Eucoilinae)

Abstract The type material of Aganaspis species is studied. Two species groups are described: the A. contracta species group (including A. contracta Lin) and the A. daci apecies group (including A. daci Weld, A. ocellata Lin and A. major Lin); A. pelleranoi (Brèthes) and A. nordlanderi Wharton are transfered to another genus. The name Ganaspis pelleranoi is re-established and the new combination Trybliographa nordlanderi is formed.

Espécies de Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) associadas à cultura do tomateiro estaqueado em dois municípios do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

This research aimed to investigate the diversity of species of lacewings (Chrysopidae) associated to trellised tomato crops in the counties of Cambuci and Seropedica, in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Eggs and adults of chrysopids were collected, manually and by oral suction device, respectively, in Cambuci (commercial farming) and Seropedica (experimental farming). Four species were obtained: Ceraeochrysa cincta (Schneider, 1851), Ceraeochrysa sp1., Chrysopodes elongatus (Freitas; Penny, 2001) and Chrysopodes sp1. in the experimental farming in Seropedica, while in the commercial farming in Cambuci only two species were found: Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) and Ceraeochrysa cubana (Hagen, 1861).Arq. Inst. Biol., São Paulo, v.82 p. 1-4, 2015 RESUMO: Objetivou-se, com a presente pesquisa, conhecer a diversidade de espécies de crisopídeos (Chrysopidae) em cultivos de tomateiro estaqueado localizados nos municípios de Cambuci e Seropédica, no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Ovos de crisopídeos foram coletados manualmente, e os adultos do predador, com o uso de aspirador bucal em lavoura comercial, em Cambuci, e em lavoura experimental, em Seropédica. Em Seropédica foram obtidas quatro espécies de crisopídeos: Ceraeochrysa cincta (Schneider, 1851), Ceraeochrysa sp1., Chrysopodes elongatus (Freitas; Penny, 2001) e Chrysopodes sp1. e em Cambuci, duas espécies: Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) e Ceraeochrysa cubana (Hagen, 1861).

Frugivorous Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae and Lonchaeidae) and Native Parasitoids (Hymenoptera) Associated with Pouteria caimito (Sapotaceae) in Brazil

Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias, Via de Acesso Prof, Paulo Donato Castellane, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP