Daniela Dias

Lymphocyte subset analyses in healthy adults vaccinated with yellow fever 17DD virus

In this study the kinetics of humoral and cellular immune responses in first-time vaccinees and re-vaccinees with the yellow fever 17DD vaccine virus was analyzed. Flow cytometric analyses were used to determine percentual values of T and B cells in parallel to the yellow fever neutralizing antibody production. All lymphocyte subsets analyzed were augmented around the 30th post vaccination day, both for first-time vaccinees and re-vaccinees. CD3+ T cells increased from 30.8% (SE +/- 4%) to 61.15% (SE +/- 4.2%), CD4+ T cells from 22.4% (SE +/- 3.6%) to 39.17% (SE +/- 2%) with 43% of these cells corresponding to CD4+CD45RO+ T cells, CD8+ T cells from 15.2% (SE +/- 2.9%) to 27% (SE +/- 3%) with 70% corresponding to CD8+CD45RO+ T cells in first-time vaccinees. In re-vaccinees, the CD3+ T cells increased from 50.7% (SE +/- 3%) to 80% (SE +/- 2.3%), CD4+ T cells from 24.9% (SE +/- 1.4%) to 40% (SE +/- 3%) presenting a percentage of 95% CD4+CD45RO+ T cells, CD8+ T cells from 19.7% (SE +/- 1.8%) to 25% (SE +/- 2%). Among CD8+CD38+ T cells there could be observed an increase from 15 to 41.6% in first-time vaccinees and 20.7 to 62.6% in re-vaccinees. Regarding neutralizing antibodies, the re-vaccinees presented high titers even before re-vaccination. The levels of neutralizing antibodies of first-time vaccinees were similar to those presented by re-vaccinees at day 30 after vaccination, indicating the success of primary vaccination. Our data provide a basis for further studies on immunological behavior of the YF 17DD vaccine.

A new species of nectar-feeding bat, genus Lonchophylla, from the Caatinga of Brazil (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae)

Abstract We describe Lonchophylla inexpectata sp. n. from the Caatinga of Brazil. This new species can be distinguished from all known species of Lonchophylla that occur in Brazil by dental traits, cranial size, and fur colour. Specimens of Lonchophylla inexpectata have been misidentified as Lonchophylla mordax; but Lonchophylla inexpectata is a pale-venter species, similar in external appearance to Lonchophylla dekeyseri. We have found Lonchophylla inexpectata in the Caatinga of North-eastern Brazil; Lonchophylla mordax along the eastern border of the Caatinga and in the Atlantic Forest–Caatinga ecotone in North-eastern Brazil; and Lonchophylla dekeyseri in the Cerrado of Mid-western Brazil, in the Brazilian Cerrado–Caatinga ecotone, and as far west as the Cerrado of Bolivia.

Evidence of vertical migration in the Ipanema bat Pygoderma bilabiatum (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae)

Migration is defined as a seasonal and cyclic population movement observed in all animal classes and studied mainly in vertebrates. A considerable part of the knowledge on migration comes from birds, for which migration is an important aspect of their biology. In the case of bats, females usually migrate larger distances than males in some species. The present study analyzes the seasonal occurrence of Pygoderma bilabiatum (Wagner, 1843) at different elevations, in order to test for a pattern that evidences migration, using data from the states of Espirito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Parana, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A total of 529 specimens of P. bilabiatum were captured. Pygoderma bilabiatum seems to be more frequent at intermediate and high elevations (over 80% of all captures were made above 250 m a.s.l.) and at latitudes above 22°S, where rainfall is high (over 1,500 mm) and temperatures are mild (16-23°C). Sex ratio varied with elevation; it was skewed towards males at lower elevations (N = 9, r2 = 0.60, F = 12.311, p = 0.008, Sex ratio = 0.0004*elevation + 0.976), though females predominated at all altitudinal bands and in all states analyzed.

New records and a taxonomic review prompts reassessment of Lonchophylla bokermanni, a rare bat endemic to the Brazilian Cerrado

Lonchophylla bokermanni is a nectar-feeding bat endemic to south-east Brazil that is currently categorized as Vulnerable in Brazil but as Data Deficient on the IUCN Red List. Originally described in the Cerrado savannah of Minas Gerais state in 1978, the species is known to occur in only two other nearby localities. In the last 2 decades individuals identified as L. bokermanni were recorded in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, increasing the known range of the species. A recent taxonomic review, however, has shown that Atlantic Forest individuals belong to a separate, new species, Lonchophylla peracchii. L. bokermanni, therefore, is known from only three localities, with an Extent of Occurrence of 1,506 km2. Because this EOO is ,5,000 km2, the species is known from ,5 localities, and there is a presumed continued decline in its habitat extent and quality, it should be categorized as Endangered on the IUCN Red List. We recommend that the state of the three known populations of L. bokermanni be evaluated, and that surveys for further populations are required, particularly in Serra do Cipo National Park.

Bat Species Richness (Mammalia, Chiroptera) Along an Elevational Gradient in the Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil

The effect of elevational gradients on the richness and composition of communities are reflected by different biotas. The objective of this study was to document changes in the species richness and composition of bats along a tropical elevational gradient between 500 and 2,500 m of elevation in southeastern Brazil. We carried out fieldwork from June 2009 to December 2012 with the use of mist nets. During 32 sampling nights we recorded 270 bats from 22 species. Species richness peaked around low-elevation (500–1,000 m a.s.l.) and there was richness decrease at higher elevations. The analysis of bat assemblage between the elevational range showed a significant difference in species composition along an elevational gradient. Bat richness and abundance were negatively related to altitude.

Mammalia, Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae, Platyrrhinus recifinus: first record in the state of Paraná, Southern Brazil

The most recent revision of the genus Platyrrhinus Saussure, 1860 (Velazco 2005) recognized 14 species in the genus, most of them frugivorous. Five species are recorded in Brazil (Peracchi et al. 2006; Zortea 2007): Platyrrhinus brachycephalus (Rouk and Carter 1972), P. helleri (Peters 1866), P. infuscus (Peters 1880), P. lineatus (E. Geoffroy 1810) and P. recifinus (Thomas 1901). Platyrrhinus recifinus is endemic to eastern Brazil, with its type locality in the city of Recife, state of Pernambuco, and also recorded in the states of Paraiba, Alagoas, Bahia, Espirito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and Sao Paulo (Figure 1) (Zortea 2007).

Mammalia, Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae, Artibeus cinereus: First record in the state of Paraná, Southern Brazil

Artibeus concolor Peters 1865, of the monotypic subgenus Koopmania, has been recorded in the Northern, Northeastern (Ceará and Piauí states) (Peracchi et al. 2006), and Central-western regions of Brazil (state of Goiás) (Zortéa and Tomaz 2006). Four species of the subgenus Dermanura occur in Brazil: Artibeus anderseni Osgood, 1916, with records in the states of Acre, Amazonas, Pará, Roraima, Rondônia, and Mato Grosso; A. glaucus Thomas 1893, which occurs in the Northern (Pará and Roraima states) and Southern regions of Brazil (Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul states); A. gnomus Handley, 1987, recorded in the states of Amazonas, Pará, Bahia, Espírito Santo, and Mato Grosso; and Artibeus cinereus (Gervais 1856), which has its type locality in the city of Belém, state of Pará (Peracchi et al. 2006; Zortéa 2007).

First record of the pale-winged dog-like bat Peropteryx pallidoptera (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae) for Brazil

Abstract In the present study, we report the first record of Peropteryx pallidoptera for Brazil, based on a female captured in the municipality of Curuá, northern margin of the Amazonas River, state of Pará, in the Guiana Shield. The studied specimen has all the diagnostic characters that distinguish P. pallidoptera from other species of the genus; its measurements are within the range reported for females collected in Peru, and similar to the measurements of the holotype. Our record increases the number of bat species known for Brazil and extends the geographic distribution of this species to over 2300 km to the east of the type locality in Ecuador.

Mammalia, Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae Rhogeessa hussoni Genoways and Baker, 1996: first record for the state of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil

The occurrence of Rhogeessa hussoni Genoways and Baker, 1996 in the state of Sergipe is reported here based on an adult female collected in mist nets during a chiropteran survey of the Refugio da Vida Silvestre Mata do Junco (RVS-Mata do Junco), a 894 ha fragment of lowland Atlantic Forest. Measurements and taxonomic comments about this species are given. Despite the variability found in coloration of the ventral pelage, qualitative and quantitative characters allowed the identification of the specimen as R. hussoni . The present record increases to twenty-eight the number of bat species recorded for Sergipe and confirms the presence of R. hussoni in the Atlantic Forest biome.

Update on the distribution of Peropteryx leucoptera Peters, 1867 (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Emballonuridae): First record for the state of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil

Three female specimens of Peropteryx leucoptera were collected in the Refugio da Vida Silvestre Mata do Junco, a fragment of Atlantic Forest located in the state of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil. These specimens represent the first record of the species for Sergipe, increasing to 44 the number of bat species recorded in this state. A summary of locality records for P. leucoptera indicates a disjunct distributional pattern for this species, with the majority of the records concentrated in the northern South America and a separate population in the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil.