Daniela Sacramento Zanini

Apoio social: aspectos da validade de constructo em estudantes universitários

Although the concept of social support has received attention of the scientific community, there is not a valid measure for different cultures and contexts. The aim of this article is to replicate a social support scale in undergraduate students from Goiânia. The participants were 129 university students accessed in four high education institutions in Goiânia. As measure, the Social Support Questionnaire adapted to the Brazilian population was used. The results point to a good adaptation of the scales with alphas between 0.95 e 0.76, and factorial structure suited when compared to the original study. Significant differences between social support and the majority of socio demographic variables were not found. However, women refer more to material support (p=0,01) and affective (p=0,01) than men, and the ones who refer living with someone appraise more emotional support (p=0,00) and affective (p=0,03). It is discussed the necessity of new studies for latter subsequent explanation of the behavior of the measure and construct in different populations and cultures.Although the concept of social support has received attention of the scientific community, there is not a valid measure for different cultures and contexts. The aim of this article is to replicate a social support scale in undergraduate students from Goiânia. The participants were 129 university students accessed in four high education institutions in Goiânia. As measure, the Social Support Questionnaire adapted to the Brazilian population was used. The results point to a good adaptation of the scales with alphas between 0.95 e 0.76, and factorial structure suited when compared to the original study. Significant differences between social support and the majority of socio demographic variables were not found. However, women refer more to material support (p=0,01) and affective (p=0,01) than men, and the ones who refer living with someone appraise more emotional support (p=0,00) and affective (p=0,03). It is discussed the necessity of new studies for latter subsequent explanation of the behavior of the measure and construct in different populations and cultures.

Relação entre fatores de personalidade e estratégias de coping em adolescentes

O objetivo deste estudo e investigar a relacao entre fatores de personalidade e estrategias de coping em adolescentes. Participaram desta pesquisa 102 jovens de uma escola municipal de Goiânia com idade entre 11 e 15 anos, utilizando o Coping Response Inventory e a Bateria Fatorial de Personalidade. Os dados obtidos demonstraram que meninas utilizam mais a analise logica para resolver seus problemas e os meninos apresentam maior pontuacao em neuroticismo; que os adolescentes mais jovens utilizam mais coping de evitacao e os mais velhos, o coping de aproximacao; e que tanto a apreciacao do problema como os tracos de personalidade relacionam-se significativamente com o uso de estrategias de coping. Os resultados sao discutidos de acordo com as teorias de coping.

Estratégias de coping de pacientes oncológicos em tratamento radioterápico

This study analyzes stress, coping strategies, resilience and subjective well-being of cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. Sixty subjects, between 26 to 82 years old (20 man and 40 woman), answered the Subjective Well-Being Scale, the Resilience and the Stress Symptoms Inventory and the Coping Response Inventory - Adult Form (CRI-A). The results showed that the use of approach coping strategies is associated with a higher level of resilience and with positive affect, while using avoidant coping strategies can lead to an increased perception of negative affect and to a lower report of positive affect. The results of this study suggest that coping strategies are related to resilience factors and can interfere with the subjective well-being of cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy treatment.

Personalidade e coping em pacientes com transtornos alimentares e obesidade

This study assesses the differential use of coping and personality trait of patients with eating disorders (anorexia, bulimia, and Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified - EDNOS), obesity as well as in subjects from the general population. 109 subjects participated in the study (60 with eating disorder or obesity diagnostics; 49 from the general population). The instruments were Personality Trait Scale, Coping Response Inventory and Eating Attitudes Scale (EAS). It was observed significant differences on EAS according to the type of population, demonstrating this instruments adequacy as psychopathological screening for eating disorders. Moreover, individuals presenting high neuroticism and who discharge their emotion to cope with their problems have more inadequate eating attitudes as shown by EAS (R=0.291, p=0.011). These results are discussed through theories related to the Big Five personality traits, coping, eating disorders and obesity.

Diferenças de gênero e valores relativos ao trabalho

Este estudo investiga as diferencas no estabelecimento das prioridades axiologicas laborais e a satisfacao das metas motivacionais relacionadas ao trabalho em relacao ao genero. Participaram 178 universitarios de diversos cursos que responderam os instrumentos de forma coletiva e presencial em sala de aula. Como medida utilizou-se duas escalas de valores relativos ao trabalho: uma sobre prioridade atribuida a metas motivacionais (alphas entre 0,81 e 0,88) e outra sobre a satisfacao de tais metas (alphas entre 0,86 e 0,95). Os dados analisados, utilizando-se da tecnica estatistica ANOVA, demonstraram que as mulheres priorizam valores laborais de autonomia intelectual e criatividade; e priorizam, mais que os homens, seguranca e ordem na vida. Nao foram identificadas diferencas significativas entre genero e satisfacao dos valores laborais. Esses resultados sao discutidos ressaltando-se a ideia de uma caracterizacao especifica de genero no mundo do trabalho, possibilitando a convivencia com principios e metas motivacionais paradoxais.This study investigates the differences in establishing axiological work priorities and satisfaction with work-related goals in relation to gender. The participants were 178 undergraduate students from different programs who fi lled out the instruments in classroom. Two scales of work-related values were used: one about the level of priority given to work-related motivational goals (alphas between 0.81 and 0.88), and the other about the level of satisfaction of such goals (alphas between 0.86 and 0.95). Data analyzed through the statistic technique ANOVA revealed that women give priority to work values such as intellectual autonomy and creativity, and more than men, they give priority to security and order in life. Signifi cant differences were not found between gender and satisfaction of work values. These results are discussed highlighting the idea of a specifi c characterization of gender in the world of work, which enables the co-existence of paradoxical principles and motivational goals.

Coping e saúde mental de adolescentes vestibulandos

Coping and mental health in adolescents preparing for the Brazilian university entrance examination. This study aimed to investigate the use of coping strategies by adolescents preparing to take the Brazilian university entrance exam and its possible repercussion on their mental health. A total of 292 students participated in the study, 59.6% women and 38.0% men, aged between 16 and 19 years (M = 17.09; SD = 0.71), contacted in public, private, and private schools with state government covenant, who declared the intention to take the Brazilian university entrance exam. The Coping Response Inventory Youth Form (CRI-Y) was used to assess coping strategies and the Youth Self Report (YSR) to evaluate psychopathologies. The study demonstrated that the adolescents’ appraise the Brazilian university entrance exam as a stressful event, and those who used more approach coping strategies reported less psychopathologies. The results of this study highlighted the relationship between the Brazilian university entrance exam as a stressful event and the adolescents’ mental health.

Executive Functions: Influence of Sex, Age and Its Relationship With Intelligence

La Torre de Hanoi es una herramienta utilizada para evaluar las funciones ejecutivas. Sin embargo, hay pocos estudios que describen las funciones evaluadas en esta prueba. Este estudio investiga las funciones ejecutivas, evaluados por la Torre de Hanoi, la influencia del sexo, la edad y su relacion con la inteligencia. Se evaluaron 55 ninos y adolescentes entre diez y dieciseis anos, sin diagnostico de trastornos neuropsiquiatricos. Los resultados mostraron que el rendimiento y el tiempo en la Torre de Hanoi no tienen poder discriminativo cuando se comparan grupos de edad y sexo. Tampoco hubo correlacion significativa entre ToH y el coeficiente de ejecucion del WISC III, la organizacion perceptiva y la velocidad de procesamiento. Solo el subtest codigos se relaciono positivamente con ToH, demostrando que estos instrumentos pueden medir aspectos semejantes de la inteligencia y las funciones ejecutivas, a saber, la inteligencia y la memoria de trabajo.Abstract: The Tower of Hanoi is a tool used to evaluate executive functions. However, few studies describe what functions are evaluated in this test. This study investigates the executive functions, evaluated by the Tower of Hanoi (ToH), and the influence of gender, age and its relationship with intelligence. We evaluated 55 children and adolescents, between the ages of ten and 16, without diagnosed neuropsychiatric disorders. The results showed that the performance and time in to complete the Tower of Hanoi have no discriminative power when comparing age groups and sex; there was also no significant correlation found between the ToH and the execution quotient of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Third Edition (WISC III), perceptual organization and the speed of processing. Only the subtest coding were positively related to the ToH, demonstrating that these instruments may be measuring related aspects of intelligence and executive functions, namely intelligence and working memory.

The social support scale (MOS-SSS): standardizing with item references

The Social Support Scale (MOS-SSS) aims to assess the extent to which the person has the support of others to face stressful situations. It is a widely used scale, but there is a shortage of studies evaluating its interpretative rules. This study aims to establish standards and cutoffs for MOS-SSS. The study included 998 people of both sexes, aged between 12 and 73 years (M = 27.18, SD = 9.90), from different sampling strata (61.7% college students, 14.7% of patients in treatment infertility; 10.1% of patients in treatment for eating disorder and obesity, 8.7% of patients after bariatric surgery, and 4.8% of patients treated for burns). The model of partial credits was used to establish standards relating to items by the procedure item-persons map. Rules have been established based on the processing procedure of the total score theta, which will enable the practical application of the results. The data will serve as a reference standard for the scores obtained in different studies for professionals who use this scale.

Social Support Scale (MOS-SSS): Analysis of the Psychometric Properties via Item Response Theory

O estudo da influencia das relacoes sociais sobre a saude, assim como o desenvolvimento de medidas confiaveis para avaliacao deste construto, tem tido destaque na literatura academica. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar novas evidencias de validade com base na estrutura interna e precisao MOS-SSS, assim como estimar os parâmetros dos itens e dos participantes da pesquisa atraves da TRI. Participaram 998 pessoas (idade: M = 27,18, DP = 9,90, 65,1% mulheres) de diferentes estratos amostrais. Analise Fatorial Confirmatoria (AFC) revelou melhor qualidade de ajustamento do modelo com quatro fatores quando comparado as estruturas fatoriais indicadas em outros estudos brasileiros. A AFC Multigrupo demostrou a invariância do modelo fatorial quando comparados os diferentes estratos amostrais. O Modelo de Creditos Parciais revelou itens com dificuldade media e indices de ajustes adequados (Infit/Outfit), e indices de precisao desejaveis para os respectivos fatores. As analises dos mapas indicaram as forcas e limitacoes do instrumento ao avaliar o construto.

Avaliação e Enfrentamento de Problema de Crianças e Adolescentes com Diferentes Níveis de Comportamentos Externalizantes

Pesquisas evidenciam uma relacao entre comportamentos externalizantes, percepcao e enfrentamento de problemas. Este estudo tem como objetivo comparar a avaliacao e enfrentamento de criancas e adolescentes com baixas, medias e altas pontuacoes em comportamento externalizantes. Participaram 512 criancas e adolescentes de 11 a 18 anos incompletos que responderam ao Coping Response Inventory-Y (CRI-Y) e Youth Self Report (YSR). Nao foram observadas diferencas estatisticamente significativas nos comportamentos agressivos ou de quebra de regras por sexo. Contudo, observou-se diferencas estatisticamente significativas entre a avaliacao e enfrentamento segundo os niveis de comportamentos agressivos ou de quebrar regras. Em conjunto, os dados apresentados neste estudo parecem corroborar a literatura que aponta a existencia de uma distorcao perceptiva e baixas habilidades de coping entre criancas e adolescentes com problemas de externalizantes. Tais informacoes podem ser especialmente uteis para o desenvolvimento de programas de manejo de estresse, correcao cognitiva e treinamento em habilidades de enfrentamento.