Network


Latest external collaboration on country level. Dive into details by clicking on the dots.

Hotspot


Dive into the research topics where Danièle Bourcier is active.

Publication


Featured researches published by Danièle Bourcier.


Artificial Intelligence and Law | 2011

A network approach to the French system of legal codes--part I: analysis of a dense network

Romain Boulet; Pierre Mazzega; Danièle Bourcier

We explore one aspect of the structure of a codified legal system at the national level using a new type of representation to understand the strong or weak dependencies between the various fields of law. In Part I of this study, we analyze the graph associated with the network in which each French legal code is a vertex and an edge is produced between two vertices when a code cites another code at least one time. We show that this network distinguishes from many other real networks from a high density, giving it a particular structure that we call concentrated world and that differentiates a national legal system (as considered with a resolution at the code level) from small-world graphs identified in many social networks. Our analysis then shows that a few communities (groups of highly wired vertices) of codes covering large domains of regulation are structuring the whole system. Indeed we mainly find a central group of influent codes, a group of codes related to social issues and a group of codes dealing with territories and natural resources. The study of this codified legal system is also of interest in the field of the analysis of real networks. In particular we examine the impact of the high density on the structural characteristics of the graph and on the ways communities are searched for. Finally we provide an original visualization of this graph on an hemicyle-like plot, this representation being based on a statistical reduction of dissimilarity measures between vertices. In Part II (a following paper) we show how the consideration of the weights attributed to each edge in the network in proportion to the number of citations between two vertices (codes) allows deepening the analysis of the French legal system.


arXiv: Social and Information Networks | 2009

Network analysis of the French environmental code

Romain Boulet; Pierre Mazzega; Danièle Bourcier

We perform a detailed analysis of the network constituted by the citations in a legal code, we search for hidden structures and properties. The graph associated to the Environmental code has a small-world structure and it is partitioned in several hidden communities of articles that only partially coincide with the organization of the code as given by its table of content. Several articles are also connected with a low number of articles but are intermediate between large communities. The structure of the Environmental Code is contrasting with the reference network of all the French Legal Codes that presents a rich-club of ten codes very central to the whole French legal system, but no small-world property. This comparison shows that the structural properties of the reference network associated to a legal system strongly depends on the scale and granularity of the analysis, as is the case for many complex systems.


international conference on artificial intelligence and law | 2005

Methodological perspectives for legal ontologies building: an interdisciplinary experience

Danièle Bourcier; Melanie Dulong de Rosnay; Jacky Legrand

Legal ontologies design raises knowledge management but also jurisprudence issues. To which extent is it possible to establish common concerns between technical means and theoretical constraints?After a brief presentation of the network methodology, we give two convergent results of our working groups on the feasibility of legal ontologies. First, the definition of a meta legal language handling fundamentals (acts, actors, conditions...) contributes to a shared understanding of legal knowledge between disciplines and jurisdictions. Second, ontological alignment concerns not only knowledge management but is also the core of the judges activity.


Archive | 2011

A Complex-System Approach: Legal Knowledge, Ontology, Information and Networks

Pierre Mazzega; Danièle Bourcier; Paul Bourgine; Nadia Nadah; Romain Boulet

In this paper we first briefly summarize the process used for building ontology from a legal corpus given in natural language. Current ontology-building supposes a particular structure and a finite number of relation types. The corresponding architecture is mainly driven by tree-like structures that capture a part of the full complexity that is effectively at work in any legal system. We propose to endow a legal ontology with further functionalities related to its mapping in a given corpus. We define posterior probability functions related to the frequency of occurrence of any term or concept, and information functions that measure the mutual information shared by terms in the corpus, whatever might be the a priori links represented between them in the ontology. We then show how these probabilistic tools can be also associated with a scale-dependent view on the network structure of a legal corpus (from the larger scale of the network of all codes or laws of a legal system, to the much finer scale of articles). New perspectives mixing semantic web and some properties of complex systems are described.


international conference on artificial intelligence and law | 2013

A relational approach for information retrieval on XML legal sources

Nada Mimouni; Meritxell Fernàndez; Adeline Nazarenko; Danièle Bourcier; Sylvie Salotti

In the information retrieval (IR) domain a collection of documents is represented as a set of documents where cross references between documents are usually not taken into account in the querying process. This standard document model is not tailored to legal professional uses where the context of interpretation is crucial. Existing access tools do not take into account the complexity of references between legal documents. XML based standards have been created to facilitate access and management of legal data. Their exploitation for IR purposes offers new possibilities for advanced search techniques. In this work, we propose a novel approach allowing to exploit the XML standard formats of legal documents to query a collection of related documents and return relevant answers to the end-user. We consider exploiting at the same time the semantic content of the documents and their interrelationships using Formal and Relational Concept Analysis. Answers are presented as documents or graphs of interlinked documents.


Artificial Intelligence and Law | 2018

Network approach to the French system of legal codes part II: the role of the weights in a network

Romain Boulet; Pierre Mazzega; Danièle Bourcier

Unlike usual real graphs which have a low number of edges, we study here a dense network constructed from legal citations. This study is achieved on the simple graph and on the multiple graph associated to this legal network, this allows exploring the behavior of the network structural properties and communities by considering the weighted graph and see which additional information are provided by the weights. We propose new measures to assess the role of the weights in the network structure and to appreciate the weights repartition. Then we compare the communities obtained on the simple graph and on the weighted graph. We also extend to weighted networks the amphitheater-like representation (exposed in a previous work) of this legal network. Finally we evaluate the robustness of our measures and methods thus taking into account potential errors which may occur by getting data or building the network. Our methodology may open new perspectives in the analysis of weighted networks.


Artificial Intelligence and Law | 1999

From a rule-based conception to dynamic patterns. Analyzing the self-organization of legal systems

Danièle Bourcier; Gérard Clergue

The representation of knowledge in the law has basically followed a rule-based logical-symbolic paradigm. This paper aims to show how the modeling of legal knowledge can be re-examined using connectionist models, from the perspective of the theory of the dynamics of unstable systems and chaos. We begin by showing the nature of the paradigm shift from a rule-based approach to one based on dynamic structures and by discussing how this would translate into the field of theory of law. In order to show the full potential of this new approach, we start from an experiment with NEUROLEX, in which a neural network was used to model a corpus of French Council of State decisions. We examine the implications of this experiment, especially those concerning the limits of the model used, and show that other connectionist models might correspond more adequately to the nature of legal knowledge. Finally, we propose another neural model which could show not only the rules which emerge from legal qualification (NEUROLEXs goal), but also the way in which a legal qualification process evolves from one concept to another.


Archive | 2015

“Three-Strikes” Response to Copyright Infringement: The Case of HADOPI

Primavera De Filippi; Danièle Bourcier

Another notable example of how copyright enforcement has moved well beyond addressing specific infringing content or individuals into Internet governance-based infrastructural enforcement is the graduated response method, terminating the Internet access of individuals that (allegedly and) repeatedly violate copyright. The case of the French Hadopi (Haute Autorité pour la Diffusion des Œuvres et la Protection des droits sur Internet), law first, agency next, both highly controversial, illustrates this strategy of dubious effectiveness for the purpose it is meant for, but of high disruptive potential for Internet users and access rights – and potentially affecting other, perfectly legitimate activities as a collateral effect. In this paper, we will describe the unexpected and perverse effects of this law using the notion of legislative serendipity to explain why this law has never reached the target it was intended for.


Artificial Intelligence and Law | 2006

Review of quot;Abductive reasoning by Douglas Walton, The University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa, 2004

Danièle Bourcier

Abduction is an old topic, even Aristotle wrote about it, but because of a corrupt translation, abduction as a word and phenomenon was for a long time not well understood. Abductive reasoning belongs to a set of arguments such as presumptive and plausible arguments. Most of methodological works however were based on a logical approach. What is new in current research is that abduction stays in the traditional logical area and invades also other fields like theory of argumentation and computing. More and more, tools and software help to build and validate new types of representation of knowledge and reasoning in the field of practical argumentation. This book is an example of this extension of the field concerned. Douglas Walton already published a lot of books on reasoning. He was recently working on dialogue-based theory of argumentation in which inferences are chained together to aim at a final conclusion. In a previous paper (2000), he suggested that Wigmore’s argument diagramming (1913) can be modeled by new dialogical models (such as DIALAW). In this book, a kind of overview on ‘‘abductive reasoning’’, he argued that argumentation and artificial intelligence can work together via new issues on dialogics and multi-agent computing. Abductive reasoning is typically used in diagnosis as in medicine. In science, abduction is considered as a reasoning of discovery. This book gathers current research in these various fields but focuses on legal reasoning and especially on evidence law and forensic evidence.


international conference on artificial intelligence and law | 2009

The network of French legal codes

Pierre Mazzega; Danièle Bourcier; Romain Boulet

Collaboration


Dive into the Danièle Bourcier's collaboration.

Top Co-Authors

Avatar
Top Co-Authors

Avatar
Top Co-Authors

Avatar

Melanie Dulong de Rosnay

Centre national de la recherche scientifique

View shared research outputs
Top Co-Authors

Avatar
Top Co-Authors

Avatar

Pompeu Casanovas

Autonomous University of Barcelona

View shared research outputs
Top Co-Authors

Avatar
Top Co-Authors

Avatar
Top Co-Authors

Avatar
Top Co-Authors

Avatar
Top Co-Authors

Avatar
Researchain Logo
Decentralizing Knowledge