Daniele de Oliveira

Instrumentos para avaliação do tabagismo: uma revisão sistemática

O tabagismo e um dos principais responsaveis pela carga de doencas no mundo, causando uma a cada oito mortes. Conhecer os instrumentos que caracterizam o uso do tabaco e o primeiro passo para desenvolver pesquisas qualificadas e comparativas para enfrentar esse desafio. O objetivo foi identificar instrumentos e comparar dominios tematicos utilizados em pesquisas populacionais para avaliacao do tabagismo nos ultimos 5 anos. Foi realizada revisao sistematica em publicacoes de setembro de 2002 a setembro de 2007. Os termos utilizados foram: (Smok* or tobacco) AND (Questionnaire or scale or score or instrument or assessment or form) AND (*cultural* or translat* or valid* or reproduc* or psychomet*). Foram selecionados 186 artigos do total de 2236. Em apenas 91 havia citacao dos instrumentos utilizados. Os principais temas foram perfil e prevalencia (38%), dependencia (24%) e motivacao (10,8%). Questionarios definidos foram empregados em 96% dos estudos de dependencia. Ja nas pesquisas de perfil e prevalencia 79% utilizaram questionarios proprios. A transparencia e a padronizacao dos instrumentos e a preferencia pelo uso de questionarios validados sao quesitos essenciais para a qualidade e reprodutibilidade das pesquisas sobre o tabagismo.

Los radares modifican comportamientos de velocidad excesiva en áreas urbanas

Este estudio observacional fue realizado para estimar la prevalencia de los conductores que no respetan el limite de velocidad en vias urbanas y estudiar los factores relacionados con este comportamiento. La muestra consistio en 8.565 vehiculos circulando en zonas con y sin radares fijos en funcionamiento. Se encontro que 40% de los vehiculos a 200 metros mas alla del radar estacionario y 33,6% de los observados en las zonas sin radar exceden los limites legales (p < 0,001). Las motos registran una velocidad maxima mas elevada (126km/h). Los hombres fueron mayoria (87,6%), el uso de celular mientras se conduce represento un 3.3% de todas las observaciones y el 74,6% de los conductores estaban usando cinturones de seguridad entre los automobilistas. En sitios donde no habia presencia de radar estacionario, se observo una mayor proporcion de mujeres que usan el telefono y el cinturon de seguridad (p < 0,05 para ambas comparaciones), independientemente de los limites de velocidad. Se sugiere que la adherencia a las normas referidas a velocidades maximas va mas alla de las intervenciones estructurales.This observational study aimed to estimate the prevalence of speeding on urban roadways and to analyze associated factors. The sample consisted of 8,565 vehicles circulating in areas with and without fixed speed cameras in operation. We found that 40% of vehicles 200 meters after the fixed cameras and 33.6% of vehicles observed on roadways without speed cameras were moving over the speed limit (p < 0.001). Motorcycles showed the highest recorded speed (126km/h). Most drivers were men (87.6%), 3.3% of all drivers were using their cell phones, and 74.6% of drivers (not counting motorcyclists) were wearing their seatbelts. On roadway stretches without fixed speed cameras, more women drivers were talking on their cell phones and wearing seatbelts when compared to men (p < 0.05 for both comparisons), independently of speed limits. The results suggest that compliance with speed limits requires more than structural interventions.Abstract This observational study aimed to estimate the prevalence of speeding on urban roadways and to analyze associated factors. The sample con-sisted of 8,565 vehicles circulating in areas with and without fixed speed cameras in operation. We found that 40% of vehicles 200 meters after the fixed cameras and 33.6% of vehicles observed on roadways without speed cameras were mov-ing over the speed limit (p < 0.001). Motorcycles showed the highest recorded speed (126km/h). Most drivers were men (87.6%), 3.3% of all driv-ers were using their cell phones, and 74.6% of drivers (not counting motorcyclists) were wear-ing their seatbelts. On roadway stretches without fixed speed cameras, more women drivers were talking on their cell phones and wearing seat-belts when compared to men (p < 0.05 for both comparisons), independently of speed limits. The results suggest that compliance with speed limits requires more than structural interventions.Traffic Accidents; Accident Prevention; Velocity Measurement; Urban Health

Os radares fixos modificam o comportamento relacionado à velocidade excessiva dos condutores em áreas urbanas

Este estudio observacional fue realizado para estimar la prevalencia de los conductores que no respetan el limite de velocidad en vias urbanas y estudiar los factores relacionados con este comportamiento. La muestra consistio en 8.565 vehiculos circulando en zonas con y sin radares fijos en funcionamiento. Se encontro que 40% de los vehiculos a 200 metros mas alla del radar estacionario y 33,6% de los observados en las zonas sin radar exceden los limites legales (p < 0,001). Las motos registran una velocidad maxima mas elevada (126km/h). Los hombres fueron mayoria (87,6%), el uso de celular mientras se conduce represento un 3.3% de todas las observaciones y el 74,6% de los conductores estaban usando cinturones de seguridad entre los automobilistas. En sitios donde no habia presencia de radar estacionario, se observo una mayor proporcion de mujeres que usan el telefono y el cinturon de seguridad (p < 0,05 para ambas comparaciones), independientemente de los limites de velocidad. Se sugiere que la adherencia a las normas referidas a velocidades maximas va mas alla de las intervenciones estructurales.This observational study aimed to estimate the prevalence of speeding on urban roadways and to analyze associated factors. The sample consisted of 8,565 vehicles circulating in areas with and without fixed speed cameras in operation. We found that 40% of vehicles 200 meters after the fixed cameras and 33.6% of vehicles observed on roadways without speed cameras were moving over the speed limit (p < 0.001). Motorcycles showed the highest recorded speed (126km/h). Most drivers were men (87.6%), 3.3% of all drivers were using their cell phones, and 74.6% of drivers (not counting motorcyclists) were wearing their seatbelts. On roadway stretches without fixed speed cameras, more women drivers were talking on their cell phones and wearing seatbelts when compared to men (p < 0.05 for both comparisons), independently of speed limits. The results suggest that compliance with speed limits requires more than structural interventions.Abstract This observational study aimed to estimate the prevalence of speeding on urban roadways and to analyze associated factors. The sample con-sisted of 8,565 vehicles circulating in areas with and without fixed speed cameras in operation. We found that 40% of vehicles 200 meters after the fixed cameras and 33.6% of vehicles observed on roadways without speed cameras were mov-ing over the speed limit (p < 0.001). Motorcycles showed the highest recorded speed (126km/h). Most drivers were men (87.6%), 3.3% of all driv-ers were using their cell phones, and 74.6% of drivers (not counting motorcyclists) were wear-ing their seatbelts. On roadway stretches without fixed speed cameras, more women drivers were talking on their cell phones and wearing seat-belts when compared to men (p < 0.05 for both comparisons), independently of speed limits. The results suggest that compliance with speed limits requires more than structural interventions.Traffic Accidents; Accident Prevention; Velocity Measurement; Urban Health

Do speed cameras reduce speeding in urban areas

Este estudio observacional fue realizado para estimar la prevalencia de los conductores que no respetan el limite de velocidad en vias urbanas y estudiar los factores relacionados con este comportamiento. La muestra consistio en 8.565 vehiculos circulando en zonas con y sin radares fijos en funcionamiento. Se encontro que 40% de los vehiculos a 200 metros mas alla del radar estacionario y 33,6% de los observados en las zonas sin radar exceden los limites legales (p < 0,001). Las motos registran una velocidad maxima mas elevada (126km/h). Los hombres fueron mayoria (87,6%), el uso de celular mientras se conduce represento un 3.3% de todas las observaciones y el 74,6% de los conductores estaban usando cinturones de seguridad entre los automobilistas. En sitios donde no habia presencia de radar estacionario, se observo una mayor proporcion de mujeres que usan el telefono y el cinturon de seguridad (p < 0,05 para ambas comparaciones), independientemente de los limites de velocidad. Se sugiere que la adherencia a las normas referidas a velocidades maximas va mas alla de las intervenciones estructurales.This observational study aimed to estimate the prevalence of speeding on urban roadways and to analyze associated factors. The sample consisted of 8,565 vehicles circulating in areas with and without fixed speed cameras in operation. We found that 40% of vehicles 200 meters after the fixed cameras and 33.6% of vehicles observed on roadways without speed cameras were moving over the speed limit (p < 0.001). Motorcycles showed the highest recorded speed (126km/h). Most drivers were men (87.6%), 3.3% of all drivers were using their cell phones, and 74.6% of drivers (not counting motorcyclists) were wearing their seatbelts. On roadway stretches without fixed speed cameras, more women drivers were talking on their cell phones and wearing seatbelts when compared to men (p < 0.05 for both comparisons), independently of speed limits. The results suggest that compliance with speed limits requires more than structural interventions.Abstract This observational study aimed to estimate the prevalence of speeding on urban roadways and to analyze associated factors. The sample con-sisted of 8,565 vehicles circulating in areas with and without fixed speed cameras in operation. We found that 40% of vehicles 200 meters after the fixed cameras and 33.6% of vehicles observed on roadways without speed cameras were mov-ing over the speed limit (p < 0.001). Motorcycles showed the highest recorded speed (126km/h). Most drivers were men (87.6%), 3.3% of all driv-ers were using their cell phones, and 74.6% of drivers (not counting motorcyclists) were wear-ing their seatbelts. On roadway stretches without fixed speed cameras, more women drivers were talking on their cell phones and wearing seat-belts when compared to men (p < 0.05 for both comparisons), independently of speed limits. The results suggest that compliance with speed limits requires more than structural interventions.Traffic Accidents; Accident Prevention; Velocity Measurement; Urban Health

A produção de texto no ambiente online de aprendizagem Moodle: relato de experiência

Neste trabalho faco um relato de minha experiencia como tutora na disciplina online Oficina de Lingua Portuguesa: leitura e producao de texto , oferecida pela Faculdade de Letras da UFMG. Para tanto, reflito sobre a Educacao a Distância (BELLONI, 2008; SCHLEMMER, 2005), considerando o letramento digital e a autonomia do aluno e a producao colaborativa de textos e a mutacao da relacao com o saber (LEVY, 1996; DUDZIAK, 2003). Discuto tambem o conceito de ambiente online de aprendizagem, aqui ilustrado pela plataforma Moodle , utilizada na Oficina. Por fim, apresento as etapas da confeccao de um artigo academico pelos alunos, a ser apresentado no evento online UEADSL.

Publicidade impressa: a transgressão intergêneros

De acordo com Bakhtin os generos discursivos podem ser entendidos como “tipos relativamente estaveis de enunciados”. Ainda que atualmente a “estabilidade” generica tenha sido alvo de muitas investigacoes cientificas, entendemos que, na verdade, o termo “relativamente” merece maior atencao. De fato, pode-se dizer que e a funcao de dado genero que permitira estabelecer sua caracterizacao de maneira mais criteriosa. E e justamente aqui que verificamos a possibilidade de transgressao em um dado genero. O objetivo deste trabalho e, pois, investigar como se desenvolve a construcao de sentidos na publicidade impressa, tendo em vista a influencia da transgressao de generos nesse processo. Para tanto, serao considerados os conceitos de genero discursivo proposto por Bakhtin (2003 [1979]) e recuperado por Marcuschi (2010 [2002]); a nocao de genericidade instituida, proposta por Maingueneau (2004); por fim, a concepcao de transgressao intergeneros ressaltada por Lara (2008) a partir da carnavalizacao bakhtiniana. O corpus utilizado foi uma peca publicitaria impressa, na qual identificamos o fenomeno da transgressao intergeneros como fator essencial na construcao de sentidos do texto. Pode-se dizer que, alem da conotacao humanizada da peca em tela, a transgressao intergeneros contribui de fato para a construcao argumentativa do texto publicitario, constituindo-se assim uma estrategia importante nesse discurso.