Danijela Kondić

Contents of Amino Acids in Grains of Different Bread Wheat Genotypes

This paper analyzes 10 different genotypes of the bread wheat by method of chromatography to identify the presence of free amino acids. The contents of the identified amino acids have been determined by spectrophotometric method. The results of the qualitative analysis showed the great deal of variability in the amino acid composition for each of the examined genotypes. Quantitative analysis of the free amino acids in the grains indicated their high content (over the 100 mg ml -1 ) in wheat genotypes San Pastore, Becker, Lihnida and Ana Morava, while their lowermost content was in the genotypes Uras (73 mg ml -1 ) and Jawa (75 mg ml -1 ). By using chromatography in the examined wheat grains have been determined that the most present amino acids were glutamic acid, glycine, sarcosine, valine, norvaline and tryptophan. The most present of all examined amino acids was glutamic acid, which was identified in nine examined wheat genotypes. The highest content of glumatic acid was found in wheat genotype Uras (6,52 mg ml -1 ). Among the essential amino acids has been found the highest content of norvalin (2,56 mg ml -1 ) and valin (2,32 mg ml -1 ). The wheat grains of the genotypes Becker, San Pastore and Ana Morava had the largest number of the determined essential amino acids (five), indicating their high nutritional value.

ALLELIC COMPOSITION OF HMW-GLUTENIN PROTEIN AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH QUALITY OF WHEAT

High molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) proteins deposited in endosperm of wheat seed which have significant impact on bread quality. The HMW-GS encoded by genes located at the long arm of chromosomes 1A, 1B, 1D. The aim of this work was study allele polymorphysms at Glu-A1, Glu-B1 and GluD1 locus and loaf volume, grain protein content, sedimentation volume of eight wheat genotypes (G-3130, G-35183, G-3501, G3512, G-3574, G-3027, G-3075, G3097) harvested in two years with various weather condition. For each genotypes, flour used for extraction of glutenin which separated by method of electrophoresis on SDS gel (11.8%). Electrophoregrams used for determining Glu-1 alleles. Technological quality parameters analyzed by standard laboratory methods. The three alleles alleles (a, b, c) at the Glu-A1, three alleles (b, c, d) at the Glu-B1 and 2 alleles (a, d) at the Glu-D1 were identified. The highest protein sedimentation volume had wheat genotype G-3075 in the both years (54.0ml; 58.0ml) while the lowest sedimentation volume had G-3512 (34.0ml; 36.0ml). Grain protein content (GPC) was the highest in G-3075 in both years (14.20%; 15.40%) while the lowest GPC had G-3097 (11.60%) in first and G-3512 (12.60%) in the second year. Loaf volume was the highest in G-3075 in both year (520ml; 540ml) while the lowest was in G-3512 (400ml) in both years of experiment. The estimated quality traits varied depending on genotype and year. The better quality, in average, had the wheat genotypes which carried Glu-D1d allele.

Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Overwintering Under Different Sowing Densities

Wheat overwintering ability affects the final number of plants that are able to continue their growth and development when necessary conditions are established. This research was conducted to study the overwintering ability of winter wheat cultivars (NS 40S, Prima and Nova Bosanka) under different sowing densities during 2013/14 and 2014/15 in agroecological conditions of Banja Luka. Standard agronomic practices for winter wheat were performed. Wheat cultivars were sown manually, under sowing densities with different seed arrangements: 384, 424, 451, 504, 544, 584, 588, and 604 seeds m-2. Counting of wheat plants in both examined years was carried out in the second decade of February. Statistical analysis was performed using factorial analysis of variance 2×8×3, while significant differences between treatments were tested by LSD test. The average overwintering plants percentage for all three examined wheat cultivars was 50.06%. Sowing density of 588 seeds m-2 stands out as the density with a tendency of the highest percentage of overwintering plants in both years.

The Rate of Productive Tillers per Plant of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars under Different Sowing Densities

The aim of this two‒year research was to determine the rate of productive tillers per plant of different winter wheat cultivars under different sowing densities in the agroecological conditions of Banja Luka. NS 40S, Prima and Nova Bosanka wheat cultivars were sown at eight different sowing densities: 384, 424, 451, 504, 544, 584, 588 and 604 seeds m-2. The experiment was set up in the open field, and each wheat cultivar was sown at different sowing density in four replications. Statistical analysis was performed using factorial analysis of variance 2×8×3 while significant differences between treatments were tested by LSD test. The highest average rate of productive tillers per plant was achieved for the winter wheat cultivar NS 40S (2.29). The highest average rate of productive tillers per plant was achieved at sowing density of 384 seeds m-2 and the lowest at sowing density of 588 seeds m-2.

Wheat Yield and Weedness under Different Rate of Nitrogen Fertilization

In this study we tested yield and weediness in wheat cultivars Lazarica and Julija Mono grown under different regime of mineral nutrition. This investigation was conducted at the long term experiment on control variant (without fertilizers), second variant with nitrogen application (two sub variants with different rate of N) 2N 1 (80 kg N ha -1 ) and 2N 2 (120 kg N ha -1 ), third variant with NP fertilizer with two different rate of N application: 3N 1 (80 kg N ha -1 + 100kg P ha -1 ) and 3N 2 (120 kg N ha -1 + 100kg P ha -1 ) and fourth variant 4N 1 (80 kg N ha -1 + 60kg P ha -1 ) and 4N 2 (120 kg N ha -1 + 60kg P ha -1 ). Weediness varies in dependence of rate and variant of fertilization. The weed species Consolida regalis Gray, Convolvulus arvensis L. , Polygonum aviculare L. , Cirsium arvense L. , Agropyrum repens L. , Polygonum convolvulus L. was dominant on fertilized plots. The analyzed variability of grain yield depends of applied fertilizer variants. The lowest grain yield was found on control variant in both wheat cultivar Lazatica (1880kg ha -1 ), Julija Mono (1740kg ha -1 ) while the highest grain yield on variant 3N 2 (120 kg N ha -1 + 100kg P ha -1 ) Lazarica (3724kg ha -1 Julija Mono (4990kg ha -1 ) and low weediness.

Implementation of the Programme for Conservation of Plant Genetic Resources in the Republic of Srpska from 2009 to 2012

The Programme for Conservation of Plant Genetic Resources in the Republic of Srpska was established in 2008. The main objective of the Programme is effective management of plant genetic resources through carrying out of continuous field inventories and collection, evaluation, exchange and conservation of germplasm. The Genetic Resources Institute, University of Banja Luka was appointed as a expert unit for coordination and implementation of the Programme. In the period from 2009 to 2011, the inventory was made for part of the area of the Republic of Srpska. An innovative approach was adopted for conservation of plant genetic resources by means of long-term seed preservation, in vitro conservation, morphological and molecular characterisation, as well as regular database updates. Contacts were established with producers for the purpose of on farm protection of local ecotypes and populations. An ex situ collection was established in the Botanic Garden for plant species that can not be conserved in the form of seeds. By the end of 2011, the Gene Bank had reached its full operation with 455 accessions in long-term storage (-18 o C), around 150 accessions in the working collection and 100 accessions in the field collection. With its 91 accessions, the Genetic Resources Institute is part of a European web-based catalogue of inventories of plant genetic resources (EURISCO). Having adopted the Programme, the Republic of Srpska has not only fulfilled one of the worlds peremptory obligations to conserve biodiversity of agricultural crops, but also a moral obligation to future generations.