Darshana Devadiga

Salivary alkaline phosphatase and calcium in caries‑active type II diabetes mellitus patients: An in vivo study

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic syndrome, affecting the oral health in various ways with dental caries being one of the most common problems encountered. Saliva is one of the most abundant secretions in the human body with a variety of natural protective and defence molecules bathing the oral cavity maintaining equilibrium. Its collection is easy and non-invasive. Aims: To compare and evaluate salivary alkaline phosphatase levels and calcium ion levels between caries active type II diabetes mellitus patients and non-diabetics. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on caries-active age and gender matched 60 non-diabetic and 60 patients with known Type II diabetes mellitus subjects of age group 25-50 years with DMFT index >10. Saliva sample was collected to analyse for alkaline phosphatase enzyme and concentration of calcium ions using Agappe kits. Statistical Analysis: Student ‘t’ test was used to correlate the salivary electrolyte concentration in non- diabetic and diabetic patients with dental caries. A ‘P’ value of 0.05 or less was considered significant. Results are presented as mean ± standard deviation (X ± SD). Results: The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in saliva was higher in diabetic patients when compared to that of non-diabetic patients with salivary calcium ions were significantly higher in non-diabetic individuals. Conclusion: Diabetes Mellitus patients are more prone to dental caries, hence require intervention to improve the quality of saliva.

Comparative evaluation of effect of acidic beverage on enamel surface pre-treated with various remineralizing agents: An In vitro study

Aim: This study aimed at quantitatively evaluating the effect of colabased beverage on the calcium loss of enamel surface pre-treated with fluorideenriched casein phosphopeptideamorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACPF) and βeta-ricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) using energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Materials and Methods: 24 enamel specimens were prepared from the buccal and palatal surfaces of extracted intact human premolars and were randomly assigned to study groups and control group. Specimens of Group II were pre-treated with CPP-ACPF and Group III treated with β-TCP twice daily for 4 for 28 days, followed by storage in artificial saliva. All specimens were evaluated for mineral (calcium and phosphorus) content (wt%) after pre-treatment using SEM-EDAX. The specimens were then placed in the acidic beverages for 4 days for 10 Mineral content was again measured using SEM-EDAX. Results: Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukeys HSD test was applied to compare the re-mineralization and de-mineralization of the samples. Conclusion: The present study concluded that both the remineralizing agents tested were found to be effective in inhibiting the de-mineralization caused by colabased beverage. Among the remineralizing agents tested, β-TCP was found to be more effective than CPP-ACPF.

Correlation between dental caries and salivary immunoglobulin in adult Indian population: An in vivo study

Aim: To evaluate the relationship between dental caries and salivary immunoglobulins (S-Igs) in unstimulated saliva of young adults between the age group of 20 and 30 years from South Canara district, Karnataka with varying caries experience as determined by their Decayed Missing Filled Teeth (DMFT) scores. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 80 healthy adult subjects with age group between 20 and 30 years. The healthy subjects without any chronic diseases were selected. The patients were divided into four groups according to DMFT status (WHO, 1997) as G-I, DMFT 0; G-II, DMFT 1-5; G-III, DMFT 6-10; and G-IV, as DMFT above 10. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from each subjects and checked for S-IgA and IgG. The obtained data was statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey`s Honestly Significant Difference test. Results: Correlation of DMFT with S-IgA showed that as the S-IgA levels decreased in the saliva, there was increase in the DMFT levels. With intergroup comparison of S-IgA, there is no significant difference between group I and group II. There was no significant correlation seen between the S-IgG G levels and dental caries experience. Conclusion: The S-IgA increases with decrease in caries activity and S-IgG does not show any correlation with dental caries.

CORRELATION BETWEEN DENTAL CARIES WITH SALIVARY FLOW, PH, AND BUFFERING CAPACITY IN ADULT SOUTH INDIAN POPULATION : AN IN - VIVO STUDY

Aim of the study is to evaluate the correlation between dental caries and salivary flow, pH and buffering capacity in young adult South Indian population. According to DMFT scores eighty subjects between 20 t o 30 years of age were divided into four groups. Saliva samples collected were estimated for salivary flow, pH and buffering capacity and the data was statistically analysed. The pH, flow rate, buffering capacity showed a steady decrease with an increase i n the DMFT values; which was statistically significant. The salivary flow, pH and buffering capacity increases with decrease in caries activity.

Salivary IgA and Dental Caries in Type II Diabetics in Indian Adult Population

Aim: To evaluate relationship between Salivary IgA and Dental caries in Type II Diabetics in Indian Adult Population. Method: Study was conducted on 30 patients of age group ranging from 25-60years including type II diabetic and non diabetic patients. Patients were divided into 3 groups of 10 subjects each according to diabetic and DMFT scores as G-1 (control, non diabetic) DMFT- 0, G-2 (non diabetic) DMFT 4 - 8 and G-3 (diabetic) DMFT 4 - 8. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from each subject for estimation of IgA using the Turbidometric method. Data obtained were statistically analysed. Results: Correlation of Salivary IgA and DMFT showed steady decrease in values of Salivary-IgA from Group I – III. The variation in Salivary- IgA level was Very Highly Significant [VHS] when diabetic DMFT 4-8 was compared with control and non diabetic DMFT 4-8; Highly significant [HS] between control and non diabetic DMFT 4-8. Conclusion: Salivary-IgA values showed an inverse relationship to the DMFT values with levels of Salivary-IgA decreasing with an increase in DMFT Values. Salivary-IgA level in type II Diabetic patients with DMFT-4-8 had significantly lower values than non diabetic patients of similar DMFT scores.

Maxillary first molar with an unusually rare root morphology: A report

There are rare variations in canal number and configuration in maxillary molars, which could affect treatment outcome. This article describes a case of double palatal roots and its classification for variation in the morphology of roots in maxillary molars. The importance of this case report is that the tooth that appears clinically normal may present with an anomalous root and root canal configuration. The clinicians must be aware of the normal anatomy and variations present in all groups of teeth.