Shilpa Shetty

Salivary alkaline phosphatase and calcium in caries‑active type II diabetes mellitus patients: An in vivo study

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic syndrome, affecting the oral health in various ways with dental caries being one of the most common problems encountered. Saliva is one of the most abundant secretions in the human body with a variety of natural protective and defence molecules bathing the oral cavity maintaining equilibrium. Its collection is easy and non-invasive. Aims: To compare and evaluate salivary alkaline phosphatase levels and calcium ion levels between caries active type II diabetes mellitus patients and non-diabetics. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on caries-active age and gender matched 60 non-diabetic and 60 patients with known Type II diabetes mellitus subjects of age group 25-50 years with DMFT index >10. Saliva sample was collected to analyse for alkaline phosphatase enzyme and concentration of calcium ions using Agappe kits. Statistical Analysis: Student ‘t’ test was used to correlate the salivary electrolyte concentration in non- diabetic and diabetic patients with dental caries. A ‘P’ value of 0.05 or less was considered significant. Results are presented as mean ± standard deviation (X ± SD). Results: The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in saliva was higher in diabetic patients when compared to that of non-diabetic patients with salivary calcium ions were significantly higher in non-diabetic individuals. Conclusion: Diabetes Mellitus patients are more prone to dental caries, hence require intervention to improve the quality of saliva.

Saliva as a Biomarker of Heat Shock Protein in Chronic Renal Disease

Background and Objective: Heat shock protein 70 usually located in the cytoplasm, it plays an important role has a chaperone. It said to have anti- proinflammatory effect, as shown in experimental model. These play an extended role in immunity and implication in pathogenesis of systemic conditions. In chronic renal kidney disease the complexity of underlying disturbances is an ideal example for persistent multifactorial stress. The combination of uremic toxins, mediators of inflammation, oxygen species, apoptosis and renal dialysis. The role of heat shock proteins in chronic renal damage, their protective and deleterious effect is of prime importance for the future perspectives of optimizing renal therapy the aim of this study was to evaluate the circulatory and salivary heat shock protein level 70 in healthy individuals and individuals undergoing renal dialysis with chronic renal disease. Method: 40 patients attending to the department of nephrology, K. S. Hegde Medical hospital diagnosed with chronic renal disease, undergoing renal dialysis in the age group of 35-60 yrs were included in the study. Individuals with other active infections, pregnant and lactating women’s, smokers were excluded from the study. The study was conducted among Control (n = 40) and Experimental group (n = 40). Saliva and serum samples were evaluated for Heat shock protein 70 by ELIZA Method (Enzyme -linked immunoassay for heat shock protein 70) and statistical analysis was done with independent student‘t’ test. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Salivary and circulatory Heat Shock protein 70 showed significant increase in Individuals undergoing renal dialysis .Thus, Circulatory and salivary Heat Shock Protein 70 is an efficient stress marker in chronic renal disease condition.