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Dive into the research topics where David A. C. Manning is active.

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Featured researches published by David A. C. Manning.


Nature | 2011

Persistence of soil organic matter as an ecosystem property

Michael W. I. Schmidt; Margaret S. Torn; Samuel Abiven; Thorsten Dittmar; Georg Guggenberger; Ivan A. Janssens; Markus Kleber; Ingrid Kögel-Knabner; Johannes Lehmann; David A. C. Manning; P. Nannipieri; Daniel P. Rasse; Steve Weiner; Susan E. Trumbore

Globally, soil organic matter (SOM) contains more than three times as much carbon as either the atmosphere or terrestrial vegetation. Yet it remains largely unknown why some SOM persists for millennia whereas other SOM decomposes readily—and this limits our ability to predict how soils will respond to climate change. Recent analytical and experimental advances have demonstrated that molecular structure alone does not control SOM stability: in fact, environmental and biological controls predominate. Here we propose ways to include this understanding in a new generation of experiments and soil carbon models, thereby improving predictions of the SOM response to global warming.


Chemical Geology | 1994

Comparison of geochemical indices used for the interpretation of palaeoredox conditions in ancient mudstones

Bryn Jones; David A. C. Manning

Abstract Eight geochemical indices used for the interpretation of bottom water palaeo-oxygen concentrations for argillaceous sedimentary rocks have been calculated for a suite of Upper Jurassic mudstones drawn from the Draupne and Heather Formations of the Norwegian North Sea, and the Kimmeridge Clay Formation from onshore England. The eight indices: DOP, C/S, U/Th, authigenic uranium, V/Cr, Ni/Co, Ni/V and ( Cu + Mo ) Zn have been examined by means of factor analysis, to identify the most reliable. DOP, U/Th, authigenic uranium, V/Cr and Ni/Co form an internally consistent set and are recommended as the most reliable of the indices. Ni/V, C/S and ( Cu + Mo ) Zn convey little palaeo-oxygenation information and are not regarded as reliable. The parameters identified as reliable (DOP, Ni/Co, V/Cr, U/Th and authigenic uranium), have been calibrated against DOP, for inter-comparison purposes, and to allow their interpretation against DOP-derived depositional conditions.


Global Biogeochemical Cycles | 2007

Comparison of quantification methods to measure fire‐derived (black/elemental) carbon in soils and sediments using reference materials from soil, water, sediment and the atmosphere

Karen Hammes; Michael W. I. Schmidt; Ronald J. Smernik; Lloyd A. Currie; William P. Ball; Thanh H. Nguyen; Patrick Louchouarn; Stephane Houel; Örjan Gustafsson; Marie Elmquist; Gerard Cornelissen; J. O. Skjemstad; Caroline A. Masiello; Jianzhong Song; Ping’an Peng; Siddhartha Mitra; Joshua C. Dunn; Patrick G. Hatcher; William C. Hockaday; D. M. Smith; Christoph Hartkopf-Fröder; Axel Böhmer; Burkhard Lüer; Barry J. Huebert; Wulf Amelung; Sonja Brodowski; Lin Huang; Wendy Zhang; Philip M. Gschwend; D. Xanat Flores-Cervantes

Black carbon (BC), the product of incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass (called elemental carbon (EC) in atmospheric sciences), was quantified in 12 different materials by 17 laboratories from different disciplines, using seven different methods. The materials were divided into three classes: (1) potentially interfering materials, (2) laboratory-produced BC-rich materials, and (3) BC-containing environmental matrices (from soil, water, sediment, and atmosphere). This is the first comprehensive intercomparison of this type (multimethod, multilab, and multisample), focusing mainly on methods used for soil and sediment BC studies. Results for the potentially interfering materials (which by definition contained no fire-derived organic carbon) highlighted situations where individual methods may overestimate BC concentrations. Results for the BC-rich materials (one soot and two chars) showed that some of the methods identified most of the carbon in all three materials as BC, whereas other methods identified only soot carbon as BC. The different methods also gave widely different BC contents for the environmental matrices. However, these variations could be understood in the light of the findings for the other two groups of materials, i.e., that some methods incorrectly identify non-BC carbon as BC, and that the detection efficiency of each technique varies across the BC continuum. We found that atmospheric BC quantification methods are not ideal for soil and sediment studies as in their methodology these incorporate the definition of BC as light-absorbing material irrespective of its origin, leading to biases when applied to terrestrial and sedimentary materials. This study shows that any attempt to merge data generated via different methods must consider the different, operationally defined analytical windows of the BC continuum detected by each technique, as well as the limitations and potential biases of each technique. A major goal of this ring trial was to provide a basis on which to choose between the different BC quantification methods in soil and sediment studies. In this paper we summarize the advantages and disadvantages of each method. In future studies, we strongly recommend the evaluation of all methods analyzing for BC in soils and sediments against the set of BC reference materials analyzed here.


Biology Letters | 2007

Heterotrophic microbial communities use ancient carbon following glacial retreat.

Richard D. Bardgett; Andreas Richter; Roland Bol; Mark H. Garnett; Rupert Bäumler; Xingliang Xu; Elisa Lopez-Capel; David A. C. Manning; Phil J. Hobbs; Ian R. Hartley; Wolfgang Wanek

When glaciers retreat they expose barren substrates that become colonized by organisms, beginning the process of primary succession. Recent studies reveal that heterotrophic microbial communities occur in newly exposed glacial substrates before autotrophic succession begins. This raises questions about how heterotrophic microbial communities function in the absence of carbon inputs from autotrophs. We measured patterns of soil organic matter development and changes in microbial community composition and carbon use along a 150-year chronosequence of a retreating glacier in the Austrian Alps. We found that soil microbial communities of recently deglaciated terrain differed markedly from those of later successional stages, being of lower biomass and higher abundance of bacteria relative to fungi. Moreover, we found that these initial microbial communities used ancient and recalcitrant carbon as an energy source, along with modern carbon. Only after more than 50 years of organic matter accumulation did the soil microbial community change to one supported primarily by modern carbon, most likely from recent plant production. Our findings suggest the existence of an initial stage of heterotrophic microbial community development that precedes autotrophic community assembly and is sustained, in part, by ancient carbon.


Agronomy for Sustainable Development | 2010

Mineral sources of potassium for plant nutrition. A review

David A. C. Manning

Recently published assessments of nutrient budgets on a national basis have shown that K deficits for developing countries are so substantial that a doubling of world production of potash fertilisers would be required to balance inputs and offtake, simply to meet demands in Africa alone. The price of potassium fertiliser raw materials has increased by a factor of 4 during 2007–2009, approaching


Environmental Science & Technology | 2011

Silicate Production and Availability for Mineral Carbonation

Philip Renforth; Carla-Leanne Washbourne; J. Taylder; David A. C. Manning

1000 per tonne in some markets. Thus an annual investment of the order of US


Mineralogical Magazine | 2008

Biological enhancement of soil carbonate precipitation: passive removal of atmospheric CO2

David A. C. Manning

5600 million is required to replenish soil K stocks in Africa. In this context it is appropriate to review current knowledge of alternative sources of K, which is the seventh most abundant element in the Earth’s continental crust, present in feldspars and (much less commonly) feldspathoid minerals including nepheline and leucite. Theoretical considerations based on the experimental determination of mineral dissolution rates indicate that nepheline dissolves 100 times more quickly than potassium feldspar, and this suggests that nepheline-bearing rocks are more effective as sources of K for plant growth than granitic rocks, even though these have higher K contents. Crop trials with silicate rocks and minerals as sources of K show increased K availability and uptake for nepheline-bearing rocks compared with granitic rocks. Under conditions where soils are rapidly leached (especially tropical soils such as oxisols that contain quartz, aluminium oxy-hydroxides and kaolinite), with low capacity to retain soluble nutrients, the use of potassium feldspar or crushed granite does give a yield response, although no greater than for conventional fertilisers. In other experiments with crushed ultramafic, basaltic and andesitic rocks improvements in crop yield are claimed, although this cannot be unambiguously related to the mineralogical or chemical composition of the rock used. In conclusion, the present high cost of conventional potassium fertilisers justifies further investigation of potassium silicate minerals and their host rocks (which in some cases include basic rocks, such as basalt) as alternative sources of K, especially for systems with highly weathered soils that lack a significant cation exchange capacity. Such soils commonly occur in developing countries, and so this approach provides an opportunity to develop indigenous silicate rock sources of K as an alternative to sometimes prohibitively expensive commercial fertilisers.


Environmental Management and Health | 2001

Recycling construction and demolition wastes: the case for Britain

Nigel Lawson; Ian Douglas; Stephen Garvin; Clodagh McGrath; David A. C. Manning; Jonathan Vetterlein

Atmospheric carbon dioxide sequestered as carbonates through the accelerated weathering of silicate minerals is proposed as a climate change mitigation technology with the potential to capture billions of tonnes of carbon per year. Although these materials can be mined expressly for carbonation, they are also produced by human activities (cement, iron and steel making, coal combustion, etc.). Despite their potential, there is poor global accounting of silicates produced in this way. This paper presents production estimates (by proxy) of various silicate materials including aggregate and mine waste, cement kiln dust, construction and demolition waste, iron and steel slag, and fuel ash. Approximately 7-17 billion tonnes are produced globally each year with an approximate annual sequestration potential of 190-332 million tonnes C. These estimates provide justification for additional research to accurately quantify the contemporary production of silicate minerals and to determine the location and carbon capture potential of historic material accumulations.


Science of The Total Environment | 2012

Contaminant mobility and carbon sequestration downstream of the Ajka (Hungary) red mud spill: The effects of gypsum dosing

Philip Renforth; William M. Mayes; Adam P. Jarvis; Ian T. Burke; David A. C. Manning; Katalin Gruiz

Abstract Soils are the dominant terrestrial sink for carbon, containing three times as much C as above-ground plant biomass, and acting as a host for both organic and inorganic C, as soil organic matter and pedogenic carbonates, respectively. This article reviews evidence for the generation within the soil solution of dissolved C derived from plants and recognition of its precipitation as carbonates. It then considers the potential value of this process for artificially-mediated CO2 sequestration within soils. The ability of crops such as wheat to produce organic acid anions as root exudates is substantial, generating 70 mol/(y kg) of exuded C, equivalent to the plants own ‘body weight’. This is still an order of magnitude less than measured C production from Icelandic woodlands (Moulton et al., 2000), which have no other possible source of C. Thus, there is apparently no shortage of available dissolved C, as bicarbonate in solution, and so the formation of pedogenic carbonates will be controlled by the availability of Ca. This is derived from mineral weathering, primarily of silicate minerals (natural plagioclase feldspars and pyroxenes; artificial cement and slag minerals). Within the UK, existing industrial arisings of calcium silicate minerals from quarrying, demolition and steel manufacture that are fine-grained and suitable for incorporation into soils are sufficient to account for 3 MT CO2 per year, compensating for half of the emissions from UK cement manufacture. Pursuing these arguments, it is shown that soils have a role to play as passive agents in the removal of atmospheric CO2, analogous to the use of reed beds to clean contaminated waters.


Science of The Total Environment | 2012

Investigating carbonate formation in urban soils as a method for capture and storage of atmospheric carbon

Carla-Leanne Washbourne; Philip Renforth; David A. C. Manning

In England and Wales, the construction industry produces 53.5 Mt of construction and demolition waste (C&D waste) annually, of which 51 percent goes to landfill, 40 percent is used for land reclamation and only 9 percent is crushed for future use or directly recovered. C&D waste may be contaminated, either through spillage from industrial processes or contact with contaminated land. There are no guidelines on how to classify C&D waste as contaminated or on risk management for contaminated C&D waste. Research at the UK Building Research Establishment and the University of Manchester has shown that new taxes are making disposal of C&D waste to landfill uneconomic, that low grade “land‐modelling” recycling is increasing, and that disposal on‐site is preferred. Sampling spatially of structures before demolition and temporally of processed C&D waste emerging from crushers is enabling sources of contamination and exceedance of guideline values to be compared with natural background levels. Improved sampling procedures and recommendations for risk assessment for the re‐use of C&D waste are being prepared.

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Saran Sohi

University of Edinburgh

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Heike Knicker

Spanish National Research Council

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Roland Bol

Forschungszentrum Jülich

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Rocío González-Vázquez

Spanish National Research Council

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