David Javier Enríquez Negrete

Validación de la escala de estereotipos de género en el comportamiento sexual de riesgo en hombres privados de la libertad

espanolEl proposito del presente trabajo fue validar la escala de estereotipos de genero en el comportamiento sexual de riesgo en poblacion privada de la libertad (PPL). Participaron 687 hombres con una edad promedio de 26 anos pertenecientes a un Centro de Reinsercion Social de Mexico respondieron una escala de 20 reactivos sobre estereotipos de genero sobre la conducta sexual; asi como 12 reactivos de la escala de estereotipos de genero de Rocha y Diaz-Loving (2005), adicionalmente se comparan las propiedades psicometricas con universitarios de la escala original y se evaluo el uso del condon en relaciones sexuales. Los reactivos se sometieron a un analisis factorial con rotacion varimax, se obtuvo el analisis de consistencia interna y la validez convergente, encontrandose propiedades psicometricas adecuadas. Con la escala validada, se encontraron diferencias significativas entre aquellos que usan o no condon en sus relaciones sexuales, aquellos que no lo usan tienen mas estereotipos de genero. Los resultados se discuten en terminos de la importancia de tener instrumentos validos y confiables en PPL, asi como de la influencia de los estereotipos de genero en el comportamiento sexual. EnglishThe purpose of this work was to validate the scale of gender stereotypes in sexual risk behavior in a population deprived of freedom (PDF). A total of 687 men with an average age of 26 belonging to a Social Rehabilitation Center of Mexico participated. They answered a scale of 20 items on gender stereotypes about sexual behavior; as well as 12 reagents of the scale of gender stereotypes of Rocha & Diaz-Loving (2005), in addition the psychometric properties are compared with university students of the original scale and the use of the condom in sexual relations was evaluated. The reagents were subjected to a factor analysis with varimax rotation, the internal consistency analysis and the convergent validity were obtained, finding suitable psychometric properties. With the validated scale, significant differences were found between those who use or not condom in their sexual relations, those who do not use it have more gender stereotypes. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of having valid and reliable instruments in PDF, as well as the influence of gender stereotypes on sexual behavior.

EVALUATION OF AN INTERVENTION PROGRAM TO PROMOTE SEXUAL HEALTH AMONG MEXICAN ADOLESCENTS IN CONFLICT WITH THE LAW

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention program to promote sexual health of adolescents in conflict with the law. The study was carried out with 118 adolescents belonging to a diagnosis community. A quasi-experimental design was used with an intervention group and one control group, consisting of three phases: preevaluation, intervention and post-evaluation. The intervention, which consisted of five sessions of two hours each one, comprised the elements that respond to the ecological model in its three levels: micro-system (knowledge, believes, attitudes, intentions and self-efficacy to use condoms, self-esteem, communication with partner, negotiating styles, etc.); meso-system (support, supervision and communication with parent, etc.) and macro-system (gender stereotypes). An analysis of repeated measures was performed. Results showed changes between control and experimental groups, in favor of the latter in all the variables of the model, except for partner communication and self-esteem. The findings are discussed in terms of the importance of designing programs based on the ecological model aimed at people who are deprived of freedom.El proposito de la presente investigacion fue evaluar la efectividad de un programa de intervencion para promover la salud sexual de adolescentes que se encuentran en conflicto con la ley. Se trabajo con 118 adolescentes pertenecientes a una comunidad de diagnostico. Se utilizo un diseno cuasiexperimental con un grupo de intervencion y uno control, conformado por tres fases: preevaluacion, intervencion y postevaluacion. La intervencion consistio en cinco sesiones de dos horas cada una, y estuvo conformada por los elementos que responden al modelo ecologico en sus tres niveles: microsistema (conocimientos, creencias, actitudes, intencion y autoeficacia para usar condon, autoestima, comunicacion con pareja, estilos de negociacion para usar condon, entre otras); mesosistema (apoyo, supervision y comunicacion con padre y madre, entre otras), y macrosistema (estereotipos de genero). Se realizo un analisis de medidas repetidas. Los resultados mostraron cambios entre el grupo control y el experimental, a favor de este ultimo en todas las variables del modelo, excepto en comunicacion con la pareja y autoestima. Los hallazgos se discuten en terminos de la importancia de disenar programas con base en el modelo ecologico dirigidos a poblacion que se encuentran en un ambiente privado de la libertad. Abstract The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention program to promote sexual health of adolescents in conflict with the law. The study was carried out with 118 adolescents belonging to a diagnosis community. A quasi-experimental design was used with an intervention group and one control group, consisting of three phases: preevaluation, intervention and post-evaluation. The intervention, which consisted of five sessions of two hours each one, comprised the elements that respond to the ecological model in its three levels: micro-system (knowledge, believes, attitudes, intentions and self-efficacy to use condoms, self-esteem, communication with partner, negotiating styles, etc.); meso-system (support, supervision and communication with parent, etc.) and macro-system (gender stereotypes). An analysis of repeated measures was performed. Results showed changes between control and experimental groups, in favor of the latter in all the variables of the model, except for partner communication and self-esteem. The findings are discussed in terms of the importance of designing programs based on the ecological model aimed at people who are deprived of freedom. Resumo O proposito desta pesquisa foi avaliar a efetividade de um programa de intervencao para promover a saude sexual de adolescentes que se encontram em conflito com a lei. Trabalhou-se com 118 adolescentes pertencentes a uma comunidade de diagnostico. Foi utilizado um desenho quase-experimental com um grupo de intervencao e um de controle, conformado por tres fases: pre-avaliacao, intervencao e pos-avaliacao. A intervencao consistiu em cinco sessoes de duas horas cada uma e foi formada pelos elementos que respondem ao modelo ecologico em seus tres niveis: microssistema (conhecimentos, crencas, atitudes, intencao e autoeficacia para usar preservativo, autoestima, comunicacao com o parceiro, estilos de negociacao para usar preservativo, entre outros); mesossistema (apoio, supervisao e comunicacao com os pais, entre outros) e macrossistema (estereotipos de genero). Foi realizada uma analise de medidas repetidas. Os resultados mostraram mudancas entre o grupo controle e o experimental a favor deste ultimo em todas as variaveis do modelo, exceto em comunicacao com o parceiro e autoestima. Os achados sao discutidos quanto a importância de desenhar programas com base no modelo ecologico dirigidos a populacao que se encontra num ambiente privado de liberdade.

AVALIAÇÃO DE UM PROGRAMA DE INTERVENÇÃO PARA PROMOVER A SAÚDE SEXUAL DE ADOLESCENTES MEXICANOS EM CONFLITO COM A LEI

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention program to promote sexual health of adolescents in conflict with the law. The study was carried out with 118 adolescents belonging to a diagnosis community. A quasi-experimental design was used with an intervention group and one control group, consisting of three phases: preevaluation, intervention and post-evaluation. The intervention, which consisted of five sessions of two hours each one, comprised the elements that respond to the ecological model in its three levels: micro-system (knowledge, believes, attitudes, intentions and self-efficacy to use condoms, self-esteem, communication with partner, negotiating styles, etc.); meso-system (support, supervision and communication with parent, etc.) and macro-system (gender stereotypes). An analysis of repeated measures was performed. Results showed changes between control and experimental groups, in favor of the latter in all the variables of the model, except for partner communication and self-esteem. The findings are discussed in terms of the importance of designing programs based on the ecological model aimed at people who are deprived of freedom.El proposito de la presente investigacion fue evaluar la efectividad de un programa de intervencion para promover la salud sexual de adolescentes que se encuentran en conflicto con la ley. Se trabajo con 118 adolescentes pertenecientes a una comunidad de diagnostico. Se utilizo un diseno cuasiexperimental con un grupo de intervencion y uno control, conformado por tres fases: preevaluacion, intervencion y postevaluacion. La intervencion consistio en cinco sesiones de dos horas cada una, y estuvo conformada por los elementos que responden al modelo ecologico en sus tres niveles: microsistema (conocimientos, creencias, actitudes, intencion y autoeficacia para usar condon, autoestima, comunicacion con pareja, estilos de negociacion para usar condon, entre otras); mesosistema (apoyo, supervision y comunicacion con padre y madre, entre otras), y macrosistema (estereotipos de genero). Se realizo un analisis de medidas repetidas. Los resultados mostraron cambios entre el grupo control y el experimental, a favor de este ultimo en todas las variables del modelo, excepto en comunicacion con la pareja y autoestima. Los hallazgos se discuten en terminos de la importancia de disenar programas con base en el modelo ecologico dirigidos a poblacion que se encuentran en un ambiente privado de la libertad. Abstract The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention program to promote sexual health of adolescents in conflict with the law. The study was carried out with 118 adolescents belonging to a diagnosis community. A quasi-experimental design was used with an intervention group and one control group, consisting of three phases: preevaluation, intervention and post-evaluation. The intervention, which consisted of five sessions of two hours each one, comprised the elements that respond to the ecological model in its three levels: micro-system (knowledge, believes, attitudes, intentions and self-efficacy to use condoms, self-esteem, communication with partner, negotiating styles, etc.); meso-system (support, supervision and communication with parent, etc.) and macro-system (gender stereotypes). An analysis of repeated measures was performed. Results showed changes between control and experimental groups, in favor of the latter in all the variables of the model, except for partner communication and self-esteem. The findings are discussed in terms of the importance of designing programs based on the ecological model aimed at people who are deprived of freedom. Resumo O proposito desta pesquisa foi avaliar a efetividade de um programa de intervencao para promover a saude sexual de adolescentes que se encontram em conflito com a lei. Trabalhou-se com 118 adolescentes pertencentes a uma comunidade de diagnostico. Foi utilizado um desenho quase-experimental com um grupo de intervencao e um de controle, conformado por tres fases: pre-avaliacao, intervencao e pos-avaliacao. A intervencao consistiu em cinco sessoes de duas horas cada uma e foi formada pelos elementos que respondem ao modelo ecologico em seus tres niveis: microssistema (conhecimentos, crencas, atitudes, intencao e autoeficacia para usar preservativo, autoestima, comunicacao com o parceiro, estilos de negociacao para usar preservativo, entre outros); mesossistema (apoio, supervisao e comunicacao com os pais, entre outros) e macrossistema (estereotipos de genero). Foi realizada uma analise de medidas repetidas. Os resultados mostraram mudancas entre o grupo controle e o experimental a favor deste ultimo em todas as variaveis do modelo, exceto em comunicacao com o parceiro e autoestima. Os achados sao discutidos quanto a importância de desenhar programas com base no modelo ecologico dirigidos a populacao que se encontra num ambiente privado de liberdade.

Evaluación de un programa de intervención para promover la salud sexual en adolescentes mexicanos en conflicto con la ley

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention program to promote sexual health of adolescents in conflict with the law. The study was carried out with 118 adolescents belonging to a diagnosis community. A quasi-experimental design was used with an intervention group and one control group, consisting of three phases: preevaluation, intervention and post-evaluation. The intervention, which consisted of five sessions of two hours each one, comprised the elements that respond to the ecological model in its three levels: micro-system (knowledge, believes, attitudes, intentions and self-efficacy to use condoms, self-esteem, communication with partner, negotiating styles, etc.); meso-system (support, supervision and communication with parent, etc.) and macro-system (gender stereotypes). An analysis of repeated measures was performed. Results showed changes between control and experimental groups, in favor of the latter in all the variables of the model, except for partner communication and self-esteem. The findings are discussed in terms of the importance of designing programs based on the ecological model aimed at people who are deprived of freedom.El proposito de la presente investigacion fue evaluar la efectividad de un programa de intervencion para promover la salud sexual de adolescentes que se encuentran en conflicto con la ley. Se trabajo con 118 adolescentes pertenecientes a una comunidad de diagnostico. Se utilizo un diseno cuasiexperimental con un grupo de intervencion y uno control, conformado por tres fases: preevaluacion, intervencion y postevaluacion. La intervencion consistio en cinco sesiones de dos horas cada una, y estuvo conformada por los elementos que responden al modelo ecologico en sus tres niveles: microsistema (conocimientos, creencias, actitudes, intencion y autoeficacia para usar condon, autoestima, comunicacion con pareja, estilos de negociacion para usar condon, entre otras); mesosistema (apoyo, supervision y comunicacion con padre y madre, entre otras), y macrosistema (estereotipos de genero). Se realizo un analisis de medidas repetidas. Los resultados mostraron cambios entre el grupo control y el experimental, a favor de este ultimo en todas las variables del modelo, excepto en comunicacion con la pareja y autoestima. Los hallazgos se discuten en terminos de la importancia de disenar programas con base en el modelo ecologico dirigidos a poblacion que se encuentran en un ambiente privado de la libertad. Abstract The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention program to promote sexual health of adolescents in conflict with the law. The study was carried out with 118 adolescents belonging to a diagnosis community. A quasi-experimental design was used with an intervention group and one control group, consisting of three phases: preevaluation, intervention and post-evaluation. The intervention, which consisted of five sessions of two hours each one, comprised the elements that respond to the ecological model in its three levels: micro-system (knowledge, believes, attitudes, intentions and self-efficacy to use condoms, self-esteem, communication with partner, negotiating styles, etc.); meso-system (support, supervision and communication with parent, etc.) and macro-system (gender stereotypes). An analysis of repeated measures was performed. Results showed changes between control and experimental groups, in favor of the latter in all the variables of the model, except for partner communication and self-esteem. The findings are discussed in terms of the importance of designing programs based on the ecological model aimed at people who are deprived of freedom. Resumo O proposito desta pesquisa foi avaliar a efetividade de um programa de intervencao para promover a saude sexual de adolescentes que se encontram em conflito com a lei. Trabalhou-se com 118 adolescentes pertencentes a uma comunidade de diagnostico. Foi utilizado um desenho quase-experimental com um grupo de intervencao e um de controle, conformado por tres fases: pre-avaliacao, intervencao e pos-avaliacao. A intervencao consistiu em cinco sessoes de duas horas cada uma e foi formada pelos elementos que respondem ao modelo ecologico em seus tres niveis: microssistema (conhecimentos, crencas, atitudes, intencao e autoeficacia para usar preservativo, autoestima, comunicacao com o parceiro, estilos de negociacao para usar preservativo, entre outros); mesossistema (apoio, supervisao e comunicacao com os pais, entre outros) e macrossistema (estereotipos de genero). Foi realizada uma analise de medidas repetidas. Os resultados mostraram mudancas entre o grupo controle e o experimental a favor deste ultimo em todas as variaveis do modelo, exceto em comunicacao com o parceiro e autoestima. Os achados sao discutidos quanto a importância de desenhar programas com base no modelo ecologico dirigidos a populacao que se encontra num ambiente privado de liberdade.

El papel de la cercanía entre hermanos sobre la conducta sexual protegida

The purpose of the study was to investigate whether dyadic configuration fraternal closeness by gender and role (brother/sister older/younger) predicts condom use or if its a mediating role in parental variables associated with frequency of condom use. 592 university students participated elected a non-probability sampling (43.8% men and 56.3% women). Assessed sexual communication with parents, parenting styles, fraternal closeness and frequency of condom use in the last six months. Women with an older sister frequently used condoms unlike men. The fraternal closeness with younger brother in women (β-) and closeness to the younger sister in males are predictors of condom use. Parental variables were set as predictors of fraternal closeness but not condom use. Discuss the importance of including in the analysis of sexual behavior protected fraternal group in relation to parental variables in order to have a different interpretation on how the family (parents-siblings) influences sexual behavior.