David M. Farrell

Political parties and democratic linkage : how parties organize democracy

PART I: INTRODUCTION 1. Parties and Representative Government PART II: PARTIES AND ELECTION CAMPAIGNS 2. Parties and Electoral Institutions 3. Party Mobilization and Campaign Participation PART III: ELECTORAL CHOICE 4. Citizens and their Policy Preferences 5. Party Images and Party Linkage 6. Voter Choice and Partisan Representation PART IV: PARTIES IN GOVERNMENT 7. Government Formation and Democratic Representation 8. Party Policies and Policy Outputs PART V: CONCLUSION 9. Party Evolution Index

The Organizing of the European Parliament: Committees, Specialization and Co-ordination

This article addresses the issue of specialization and committee formation in the European Parliament in the light of the largely US-centred debates on these issues. Clear evidence is found of specialization of behaviour, both with regard to committee assignment and the use of parliamentary questions. This is also accompanied by a trend towards a greater role for the party groups in co-ordinating and controlling behaviour across these specializations.

Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies

1. Introduction: Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies 2. Political Parties in Britain: Secular Decline or Adaptive Resilience? 3. Italian Parties 4. Party Decline in the Parties State? The Changing Environment of German Politics 5. France: Never a Golden Age 6. The Colour Purple: The End of Predictable Politics in the Low Countries 7. The Scandinavian Party Model at the Crossroads 8. Party Politics in Ireland: Regularizing a Volatile System 9. Spain: Building a Parties State in a New Democracy 10. Parties at the European Level 11. Still Functional After All These Years: Parties in America, 1960-2000 12. Canadas 19th Century Cadre Parties at the Millennium 13. Political Parties in Australia: Party Stability in a Utilitarian Society 14. Parties and Society in New Zealand 15. Conclusion: Political Parties and Democratic Control in Advanced Industrial Societies

Electoral strategies and political marketing

List of Tables and Figures - Notes on the Contributors - Preface - The Study of Election Campaigning S.Bowler & D.M.Farrell - Austria: the 1990 Campaign W.C.M ller & F.Plasser - Britain: the 1987 Campaign P.Webb - Denmark: the 1990 Campaign L.Bille, J.Elklit & M.V.Jakobsen - Finland: the 1991 Campaign J.Sundberg & S.H gnabba - France: the 1988 Presidential Campaign K.Lawson & C.Ysmal - Germany: the 1990 All-German Election Campaign B.Boll & T.Poguntke - The Netherlands: the 1989 Campaign P.van Praag Jr - New Zealand: the 1987 Campaign D.Denemark - The USA: the 1990 Congressional Campaign R.S.Katz & R.Kolodny - The Informed Electorate? Voter Responsiveness to Campaigns in Britain and Germany S.Bowler, D.Broughton, T.Donovan & J.Snipp - Conclusion: the Contemporary Election Campaign S.Bowler & D.M.Farrell - Index

Do Political Campaigns Matter? : Campaign Effects in Elections and Referendums

This book, in bringing together some of the leading international scholars on electoral behaviour and communication studies, provides the first ever stock-take of the state of this sub-discipline. The individual chapters present the most recent studies on campaign effects in North America, Europe and Australasia. As a whole, the book provides a cross-national assessment of the theme of political campaigns and their consequences.

Expert opinion on electoral systems: So which electoral system is “best”?

Electoral systems are now much more prone to reform than 10–20 years ago, and as a consequence electoral system specialists are developing a useful sideline in advising on electoral system design across the globe. Given that in many of the recent cases of electoral system design some variant of a “mixed‐member” electoral system has been adopted, one might be forgiven for concluding that the electoral system specialists are themselves leaning towards this particular electoral system family. So what do they really think? This paper reports the responses to a recent survey of electoral system specialists (members of the relevant specialist groups of the Political Studies Association, American Political Science Association and International Political Science Association) that was funded by the McDougall Trust. It asks and seeks to answer two questions. First, is there an electoral system which scholars agree to be the best? Second, if there are disagreements about electoral systems, are the disagreements about the properties of electoral systems or the normative values of democracy?

The European Parliament: one parliament, several modes of political representation on the ground?

In this article we explore the potential for electoral systems to influence the attitudes and behaviour of elected representatives. Focusing on what we term ‘geographical representation’, or representation on the ground, we consider how variation in electoral systems may be expected to relate to different forms of, and priorities in, political representation. We then explain how – European Union (EU) legislation on ‘uniform electoral procedures’ notwithstanding – the European Parliament (EP) offers a uniquely powerful research site for investigating these questions. Finally, we explore recent survey evidence on Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) which suggests that, in several respects, electoral system variation does shape how they understand, and seek to carry out, their role as elected representatives.

Electing the European Parliament: How Uniform are 'Uniform' Electoral Systems?

In 2002 agreement was reached on new uniform electoral procedures for European Parliament elections. This article does two things. First, it provides a comprehensive account of the rules under which the EP was elected in 2004, revealing a high degree of continuing variability in the existing electoral systems across all 25 Member States. Second, it addresses the question: if the electoral systems vary in form, do they also differ significantly in their effects?

Political Consultancy Overseas: The Internationalization of Campaign Consultancy

native campaign consultants is likely to increase into the forseeable future, I would like to use this article to set forth the beginnings of a research agenda, to present an outline of a project worth pursuing, for determining how and why foreign consultants are being, can be, or should be used. The article has three parts. First, I present an overview, based on available evidence, of the nature of overseas work by campaign consultants. Second, I explore some possible explanations for the rise of this phenomenon. Third, I assess the main institutional factors affecting the internationalization of consul-

Designing Electoral Institutions: STV Systems and their Consequences*

Although championed by advocates of proportional representation, the single transferable vote form of PR has been used consistently in only a small number of countries – principally Australia, Ireland and Malta. This paper examines the origins and development of STV and its implications for the political systems that use it. The results show that STV varies so widely in its form and application, differing on no less than five major characteristics, that it is impossible to identify any single generic type. These differences are also reflected in the party strategies that are used to maximize the vote under STV. A regression analysis of the various types of STV shows that Malta is the most proportional system, followed by Ireland and Tasmania. Ireland has the largest party system among the countries that use STV, net of other factors.