Debbie Plath

Evidence-Based Practice: Current Issues and Future Directions

Abstract Evidence-based practice approaches continue to increase in popularity in health and human service contexts in Australia and internationally. As social workers face pressures to evidence practice and justify outcomes, the limitations in applying an evidence-based practice approach to social work are confronted. The present paper identifies the features of evidence-based practice and notes the potential benefits and limitations of this approach in social work. Debates surrounding the nature of social work interventions, effectiveness and evidence are reviewed. The current context and climate influencing the use of research and other evidence in social work are discussed. The paper also considers the position of qualitative, interpretive and critical reflective approaches in relation to evidence-based practice. Issues for the future of evidence-based practice in social work are identified, including the need for the profession to examine more closely the relationship between critical reflective and evidence-based approaches to practice.

Opinions about evidence: A study of social workers’ attitudes towards evidence-based practice

Summary This article reports on a large survey of Australian social workers regarding their attitudes to evidence-based practice and thoughts on the factors affecting its implementation in human service organisations. Findings Findings from a national survey of Australian social workers found a degree of support for evidence-based practice with the majority of respondents reporting changes in practice due to the influence of research. A sample size of 364 social workers formed the basis of the final analysis. Both the support for evidence-based practice and the reported changes in practice due to new evidence was highest among social workers in management positions and those with between 10 and 30 years is needed post-qualifying practice experience. The survey also found, however, an unsophisticated understanding of evidence and evidence-based practice and ‘inadequate’ skills in the critical appraisal of research. Applications Despite the level of support for evidence-based practice, responses to open-ended questions reflected reservations about the formalisation, relevance, useability, and applicability of the EBP agenda among social workers. Given that the issues relating to the transfer of research to practice appear far more complex than EBP suggests, this study sought to understand the complex dynamics of the research transfer process in social work and the human services.

International Policy Perspectives on Independence in Old Age

The promotion of independence in old age has become a common principle in aging policies internationally. The term independence, however, has a variety of meanings that are shaped by social/political/economic contexts and the values and attitudes toward older people. Interpretations of independence affect the ways in which policies are translated into strategies and services. The promotion of independence features prominently in the aging policies of the United Nations and the World Health Organization but does not fit well with the cultural values and social contexts of some countries. A comparison of aging policies in four countries—Australia, Denmark, India, and United Kingdom—found that the principle of promoting independence is not universally adopted. The author proposes that the profile and meaning of independence in policy is shaped by values surrounding individual, family, and social responsibilities. Consideration is given to the limitations and culturally bound nature of independence as a policy principle.

Organizational Processes Supporting Evidence-Based Practice

A case study is used to illustrate the implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) as an organizational change process. EBP implementation is presented as a systemic process reliant on executive leadership and organizational culture. Qualitative findings suggest that effective EBP implementation requires engagement of staff across the organization. Strategies for staff engagement are identified, including the development of communities of practice. A model for organizational analysis is presented to assist preparation for EBP implementation.

Support for evidence-based practice in a human service organization

Developing evidence-based or research-informed approaches to practice in human services requires research-oriented cultures in organizations. One feature of this is frontline staff that are engaged with and supportive of evidence-based practice (EBP) approaches. This paper reports on a study of staff support for EBP in an organization where senior management made a commitment to EBP. Utilizing several measures of support for EBP, including two standardized scales, the study found strong support for EBP. Findings indicate that, in this organization, being female, having higher qualifications, and being at a higher level in the organization are associated with greater support for EBP and that years employed in the organization is negatively correlated with support for EBP.

Clinicians’ views on parental involvement in the treatment of adolescent anorexia nervosa

ABSTRACT A questionnaire and in-depth interviews with 20 allied health clinicians generated data on key aspects of family-based treatment for adolescent anorexia nervosa that enhance recovery, processes that engage parents in treatment, and how and why clinicians modify or adapt the manualized Maudsley Family Based Treatment model. Findings indicate that clinicians support key principles in the Maudsley model, but that the approach is not implemented in the full, manualized form. Rather, aspects are integrated with clinicians’ own clinical judgements based on assessment of the needs and capacities of families, cultural appropriateness, impact on family dynamics, and gains during early treatment.

Discoveries on a Data-Mining Expedition: Single Session Social Work in Hospitals

Data-mining is a method for practice-based research that draws on existing organizational data to inform practice issues and build social work knowledge. This article reports on how a study investigating social work practice questions about the nature and extent of single session work in hospitals was enhanced by accessing the extensive hospital patient data system. Useful descriptive statistics on the level, purpose, location, and activities of single session social work in nine hospitals in a region of Australia were generated from the patient data. The researchers also report on the importance of a consultative and collaborative process for effective data-mining outcomes.

“Egg Donor Wanted”: Social Work with Women Looking for an Egg Donor

Abstract Women seeking fertility treatment using donor eggs can face challenges associated with recruiting suitable egg donors and negotiating the role that the donor may play in the life of the child. Social work in infertility clinics is an emerging area of practice and social work counsellors have an important role to play with parties involved in the egg donation process. This paper seeks to raise awareness of social work practice with women seeking egg donors, providing an overview of issues for social work practice. Findings from a small practice research project are also presented to highlight the experiences of women advertising for egg donors and to illustrate an empowerment approach to social work practice with these women. It was found that with the support of the social work counsellor, newspaper advertising can be an effective method to recruit egg donors for fertility treatment that allows women control over the process.

Evidence Discovery and Assessment in Social Work Practice

methodology”, including a chapter on “Collage as reflexivity” to conduct research with sex workers; “Building solidarity ... in feminist participatory action research”, research with migrant mothers with emancipatory goals; “Positionality and privilege”, demonstrating auto-ethnography; and “Critical feminist social work and queer theory”, a very practical guide to doing contextual queer research. As the editors areallUS-based, the book is surprising in itsoutwardperspective andglobal applicability. Given itsbreadth andactivist–researcher approach, it offersmuch toAustralian scholars andpractitioners on diverse fronts. It is a source of theoretical engagement with feminisms, practical examples of research, and applications to diverse practice contexts. This adds up to a substantial contribution to social work researchknowledge. Iwould strongly recommendthis book for socialwork researchers, teachers, andparticularly activist social workers (whom I optimistically suggest are all practitioners) considering the kind of career shift that many of the authors have taken from activist to researcher.