Débora Cynamon Kligerman

Habitação saudável no Programa Saúde da Família (PSF): uma estratégia para as políticas públicas de saúde e ambiente

Evidencias cientificas apontam que a saude esta relacionada ao modo de viver das pessoas e suas interacoes com o meio ambiente e nao somente com a ideia hegemonica do determinismo biologico e genetico. Nesse sentido, a habitacao aparece como locus base de Promocao da Saude Familiar. O conceito de habitacao saudavel possui como ponto central a preocupacao com o processo gradual de melhoria da qualidade de vida. O desafio esta na consolidacao da intervencao sobre os fatores determinantes da saude no espaco construido, entendendo-os como biologia humana, meio ambiente e estilos de vida. Sendo estes fatores, na habitacao, as principais causas de enfermidade e morte. Para enfrentar esse desafio e necessario articular as politicas publicas de habitacao, de saude, de ambiente e de infra-estrutura urbana e formar aliancas intersetoriais, em uma visao holistica, integradora e multidisciplinar. Portanto, o Programa Saude da Familia como estrategia de Promocao da Saude em nivel local passa a ser o ponto de intervencao e inicio de articulacao entre as duas metodologias: Programa Saude da Familia e Habitacao Saudavel.

Habitação saudável e ambientes favoráveis à saúde como estratégia de promoção da saúde

In this article, Healthy Housing is discussed as a potential field of knowledge and practices to be applied in the Health Promotion strategy and as an instrument in a larger discussion of problems in health and living standards. The development and consolidation of Health Promotion is presented focusing the discussion on two fields of action: healthy public policies and the establishment of healthy environments. The concepts of habitability and ambience are presented as a path conducive to reflection and the development of closer ties between Health Promotion and Healthy Housing.

Como realizar o correto descarte de resíduos de medicamentos

The final destination of medicine residues is a relevant subject to the public health due to the pharmacological properties of each medicine, that in future will become a residue and will need to be treated. In Brazil, the correct discard of the solid medicine residues is regulated by the Ministry of Health and also by the Ministry of Environment, that aim to provide the producers of medicine residues with instruments that enable them to correctly discard those residues. However, there are some obstacles that can only be overcome through the integration of all agents involved in this process. The purpose of this article is to make a critical survey of the legal instruments offered by the regulatory institutions, locating each agent and its responsibilities concerning the protection of public health and the environment.

A gestão ambiental no setor público: uma questão de relevância social e econômica

Discussing the need to implement an environmental management system in civil service entities, this paper offers a brief description of some management practices used by companies in various sectors that are endeavoring to establish the best possible relationships between business activities, environmental issues and human needs, today and in the future. Some economic arguments are presented, including the benefits obtained by private sector companies adopting eco-efficiency criteria that are in themselves sufficient to justify the implementation of an effective environmental management policy in government institutions. The relevance is also stressed of drawing up the Civil Service Environment Agenda (A3P), striving to introduce a new cultural approach that will mobilize civil servants in order to optimize resources, combating waste and encouraging better work environments. For this Agenda to be effective, civil servants and managers must obviously be fully engaged.

NITROUS OXIDE EMISSIONS FROM AN INTERMITTENT AERATION ACTIVATED SLUDGE SYSTEM OF AN URBAN WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT

This study investigated the emission of N2O during the sequential aerated (60-min) and non-aerated (30-min) stages of an intermittent aeration cycle in an activated sludge wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). N2O emission occurred during both stages; however, emission was much higher during aeration. Air stripping is the major factor controlling transfer of N2O from the sewage to the atmosphere. The N2O emissions exclusively from the aeration tank represented 0.10% of the influent total nitrogen load and the per capita emission factor was almost 3 times higher than that suggested by the IPCC for inventories of N2O emission from WWTPs.

Variáveis climáticas, condições de vida e saúde da população: a leptospirose no município do Rio de Janeiro de 1996 a 2009

Extreme climate events have major repercussions on the health of the population, especially when they cause disease or even result in victims due to accidents. The population of Rio de Janeiro is vulnerable to climate variations, mainly due to the socio-economic factors, as the city has a topography and climate that enhance this vulnerability. This article discusses the evolution of leptospirosis in the thirty-two administrative regions of the city of Rio de Janeiro from 1996 through 2009, testing the hypothesis that climate variations lead to an increase in the number of cases of the disease. The meteorological data examined were provided by the National Meteorology Institute and the Brazilian Airport Infrastructure Company. Data on the morbidity and mortality of leptospirosis was collected from Rio de Janeiros Municipal Health and Civil Defense Department. In this work, it was concluded that there is a direct correlation between the incidence of leptospirosis and rainfall. However, in the final analysis, it must be emphasized that the oscillation of the number of cases is not only determined by rainfall, since other factors influence this dynamic, such as sanitation, in addition to environmental and social factors.

Sistemas de indicadores de saúde e ambiente em instituições de saúde

This article presents a discussion on conceptual and methodological aspects involved in the establishment of a system of indicators for Health and Environment, with the purpose of integrating the management of research, education and health services institutes while also taking Biosafety into account. The initial task was the study of international indicator models, paying special attention to the World Health Organization model, more apropriate to this article, which was used in the process of collection, organization and synthesis of data. This work aims to create methodological instruments for the monitoring and evaluation of these procedures and support the decision making process.

Diretrizes para um Programa de Recolhimento de Medicamentos Vencidos no Brasil

O objetivo deste artigo e apontar e discutir diretrizes fundamentais para um programa de recolhimento de medicamentos vencidos para o Brasil e evidenciar a importância de campanhas de conscientizacao da populacao para seu sucesso. Este e um trabalho de revisao descritiva de base documental que analisa documentos oficiais, tecnicos e normativos, de Portugal, Mexico, Canada e Colombia, onde existem recolhimento de medicamentos vencidos em diferentes estagios de implementacao, alguns ja consolidados, outros em fase inicial, mas todos com bons resultados. Os paises citados foram escolhidos objetivando-se representacao da Europa, America do Norte e America Latina. Seis diretrizes comuns foram apontadas: corresponsabilidade na cadeia de fabricacao e distribuicao do medicamento; minimizacao de residuos como estrategia; realizacao de programa piloto; investigacao e classificacao dos residuos gerados; intersetorialidade entre diferentes esferas do governo e campanhas de sensibilizacao e conscientizacao da comunidade. Estas diretrizes constituem uma base para um Programa de Recolhimento de Medicamentos Usados no Brasil.

Emissão de óxido nitroso de estação de tratamento de esgoto de lodos ativados por aeração prolongada - estudo preliminar

Nitrous oxide emissions from an activated sludge plant which serves a research institute in Rio de Janeiro city were estimated from six unit processes (grit tank, sand trap, aeration tank, secondary settling tank, sludge recirculation line and aerobic digester sludge tank) and also from the plant effluent. Total estimated annual flux was 3.2 x 104 g N2O yr-1 of which about 90% was from the aeration tank. Emission factors estimated from population served, wastewater flow and nitrogen load (conversion ratio) were 13 g N2O person-1 yr-1, 9.0 x 10-5 g N2O Lwastewater-1 and 0.14%.

A política federal de saneamento básico e as iniciativas de participação, mobilização, controle social, educação em saúde e ambiental nos programas governamentais de saneamento

The purpose of this article is to accomplish a critical analysis of two governmental important programs in health and environmental education - Health Education and Social Mobilization Program (PESMS) and Environmental Education and Sanitation Social Mobilization Program (PEAMSS), aiming at stimulate participative educational actions and social mobilization in sanitation projects. The methodology was based on reading and analysis of documents and observation in Workshops, Meetings, Seminars, Conventions, Congresses and Interviews. The authors describe the process of Program creation - PESMS and PEAMSS. They promoted a reflection and thought about Participation, Mobilization, Social Control, Health Education and Environmental Education. They also made considerations about the difficulties, facilities, advances and challenges in the implantation and implementation of PESMS and PEAMSS in the fundament for the realization of the public services of basic sanitation. They conclude that the creation of conditions by means of initiatives of Participation, Mobilization, Social Control, Health Education and Environmental Education become necessary for the development of Federal Policies of Basic Sanitation.