Martha Macedo de Lima Barata

Environmental valuation for long-term strategic planning -- the case of the Brazilian power sector

Abstract If not properly dealt with over compatible horizons, environmental issues may cause ventures to incur higher costs and extend over longer implementation periods. Prompted by the uncertainties and risks inherent in these issues, as well as by the need for long-term plans to incorporate sustainable development principles, the Brazilian Power Sector is encouraging the inclusion of environmental aspects as a decision variable right from the start of the planning cycle. The purpose of this paper is to bolster efforts to include in this sectors expansion plans, costs resulting from environmental degradation of the environment. The paper offers an overview of the methodology developed to assess and include in long-term planning for this sector, external environmental costs linked to hydro-power and thermo-power generation. It suggests the use of environmental economic valuation techniques — a practice commonly used to analyze the degradation of natural capital in various countries — as well as assessing projects and programs, adopting the premises and simplifications required for application over the longer term.

Matriz de avaliação de programas de promoção da saúde em territórios de vulnerabilidade social

Resumo A promocao da saude possui um conjunto de estrategias para trazer saude e reduzir desigualdades. No entanto, tem sido um desafio avaliar a efetividade de programas de promocao de saude. Este artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento e a aplicacao de Matriz de Avaliacao, construida por meio de indicadores quali-quantitativos e multidimensionais, que estao apoiados nas politicas publicas voltadas para territorios com vulnerabilidade social. Estudo transversal, com realizacao de programa de promocao da saude e a finalidade de desenvolver uma Matriz de Avaliacao, com possibilidade de aplicacao em duas areas de distinta vulnerabilidade socioambiental. A Matriz de Avaliacao demonstrou ser de facil aplicacao e permitiu detectar os pontos fortes e fracos dos programas de promocao da saude aplicados em diferentes territorios. Verificou-se que a adesao dos gestores, das equipes, da populacao e dos diversos setores da sociedade foram decisivos para o sucesso do programa. Adicionalmente, os agentes de saude se destacaram como atores essenciais devido ao seu vinculo com a populacao. As contribuicoes incluem instrumento e metodologia para avaliar os programas de promocao da saude, que podem ser aplicados em realidades distintas e modificados de acordo com o territorio.Health promotion has a set of strategies for advancing health and reducing inequalities. However, evaluating the effectiveness of health promotion programs has been a challenge. This paper shows the development and application of the Evaluation Matrix, constructed with qualitative-quantitative and multidimensional indicators supported by public policies targeting socially vulnerable territories. This is a cross-sectional study with the implementation of a health promotion program in order to develop an Evaluation Matrix to be applied in two distinct socio-environmentally vulnerable areas. The Evaluation Matrix proved to be easily applicable and enabled the detection of strengths and weaknesses of health promotion programs applied in different territories. The participation of managers, teams, population and multiple sectors of society was decisive for the success of the program. Furthermore, community health workers stood out as essential stakeholders due to their linkages with the population. Contributions include a tool and methodology for evaluating health promotion programs to be applied in different territories and modified according to the territory.