Decky J. Indrani

Preparation and Characterization of Magnetic Carbonate Apatite/Chitosan/Alginate Composite Scaffold

Treatment for bone cancer has begun to be experimented with ferrimagnetic for magnetic induction hyperthermia. On the other hand, composites of bioceramics and biopolymer have been studied for scaffold as these materials resemble the structure of bone. The current study investigated the magnetization of calcium aluminum ferrite magnetic (CaAl4Fe8O19) incorporated in carbonate apatite, alginate and chitosan, that serves as a scaffold. CaAl4Fe8O19 powder were synthesized using calcium nitrate, aluminium nitrate and ferrous chloride using the sol-gel method. Combining the carbonate apatite/chitosan/alginate compoiste and CaAl4Fe8O19using the freeze-dry method has produced carbonate apatite/alginate/chitosan/CaAl4Fe8O19 composite scaffolds. The CaAl4Fe8O19powder and the scaffolds were observed using SEM (scanning electrone microscope) and their magnetization were measured using VSM (vibrating sample magnetometer). It was shown that the scaffold is a composite structure of CaAl4Fe8O19 particles, having diameter ranging from 0.5 to 2 µm, embedded in the pore walls of the carbonate apatite/alginate/chitosan matrix. The saturation magnetization Ms and remanence magnetization Mr of the CaAl4Fe8O19particles were 20 and 2.0 emu/g, whereas, those of the magnetic scaffold were 4.3 and 2.0 emu/gr. The addition of the carbonate apatite/alginate/chitosan composite into CaAl4Fe8O19 decreased the fraction and/or magnetic of the CaAl4Fe8O19 particles.

Scaffolds of hydroxyapatite and alginate composite for tissue engineering: Microstructure analysis

The aim of the present study was to analyze the microstructure of hydroxyapatite/alginate S.duplicatum composite scaffolds using alginate with different viscosity. The viscosity of the alginate obtained from the macroalgae S.duplicatum of Banten Indonesia and from a commercially available alginate were determined using a viscometer. Hydroxyapatite and alginates were blended, resulting gels that were freeze-dryed. The procedure of phase separation has resulted in HA/S.duplicatum composite scaffolds demonstrating a well-interconnected-pores structure. Pore diameter of HA/S. duplicatum occured up to 200 μm although the viscosity of S.duplicatum alginate was very high compared to that of the commercially available alginate. Pore walls revealed with HA granules entrapped in the alginate matrix. The appearance of HA/S.duplicatum structure was close to that of the HA/alginate (commercially available).

PHASE IDENTIFICATION OF SYNTHESIZED HYDROXYAPATITE IN DIFFERENT CALCINATION TEMPERATURE

PHASE IDENTIFICATION OF SYNTHESIZED HYDROXYAPATITE IN DIFFERENT CALCINATION TEMPERATURE . For bone tissue engineering, hydroxyapatite scaffolds for cell growth are attracting due to their bioactivity and similarity to human bone component. The sol-gel route used in previous studies provided high crystalline hydroxyapatite and second phase occurred at higher calcination temperature. The aim of the present research was to synthesize and characterize HA prepared using the wet precipitation method in different calcinations temperature. The synthesis of hydroxyapatite was prepared using calcium and phosphorous precursor. The synthesized hydroxyapatite were then calcined at temperatures up to 900 °C. Rietveld refinement was used to examine the entire XRD patterns and FT-IR measurement was employed to observe the functional group of the synthesized HA. Results showed that HA material with the apatite structure were produced as was analyzed by XRD and Rietveld refinements. Chemical analysis indicated the existence of P-O vibrational modes from phosphate group and O-H from absorbed water confirming the formation of HA. Rietveld analysis revealed the existance of CaO phase at 300 °C, however, it was not observed at higher calcination temperature. The present study indicated that the wet precipitation method has induced the formation of HA without CaO phase at temperature above 300 °C. HA with increased crystallinity were produced in line with the raise in temperature.