Dennis Oswald

Sustainable leadership: management control systems and organizational culture in Novo Nordisk A/S

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how top managers seek to provide the necessary leadership inside an organisation when sustainability is a primary strategic objective, and the paper seeks to ask to what extent it is possible to influence sustainability at the operational level by contemporary management control systems as it proposes to integrate the perspective of organizational culture.Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on a single case study of Novo Nordisk A/S.Findings – The paper concludes by asking questions to managerial practice as well as to theory, concerning to what extent sustainability practices are measured by concurrent management control systems, and to what extent organizational culture perspective is a necessary prerequisite to manage and control sustainable leadership practice.Research limitations/implications – Future research should engage in exploring informal and organizational cultural aspects of how managers control the integration of sustainabil...

Novo Nordisk A/S: Integrating Sustainability into Business Practice

Novo Nordisk defines sustainable development as being about preserving the planet while improving the quality of life for its current and future inhabitants. From a business perspective this involves the inclusion of economic, social and environmental considerations in the business strategy. During the 1990s many companies experienced an enormous pressure from critical stakeholders, governments, media, NGOs and international organisations to demonstrate that they had adopted sustainable business practices.

Tax‐efficient irregular payout methods: The case of B share schemes and capital repayments via a court‐approved scheme of arrangement

Abstract Advance corporation tax (ACT) increased the tax cost to UK firms of distributing cash to shareholders. We demonstrate how the tax cost arising from ACT payments affected the channels through which UK firms returned capital to shareholders. In particular, we document and describe two unconventional irregular payout methods that enabled firms to avoid paying ACT. Firms choosing these methods are associated with significantly greater ACT problems than a control sample of firms that opted for conventional self‐tender offers and special dividends. Event study tests indicate that the decision to adopt tax‐efficient payout methods created significant additional value for shareholders beyond the basic cash distribution decision.

The Ongoing Dynamics of Integrating Sustainability into Business Practice: The Case of Novo Nordisk A/S

This study raises the question of how managers can adopt appropriate management control systems to communicate to employees and other stakeholders what behavior is desired, and how they can work to ensure that their corporate sustainability claims are implemented at the operational level. That is, how can organizations demonstrate that their sustainability declarations are not just “good looks”. Specifically, the study unfolds Novo Nordisk’s long-term commitment to sustainable practices and the company’s validation of these practices by focusing on how issues of sustainability have been integrated and cascaded throughout the entire organisation via the company’s “Way of Management”.

Capitalization vs Expensing and the Behavior of R&D Expenditures

We examine the effect of capitalization vs expensing on UK firms’ R&D expenditures. Our investigation is motivated by the UK’s mandatory switch from UK GAAP to IFRS in 2005. Under UK GAAP, firms could elect to expense or capitalize development expenditures, but IFRS mandates capitalization. Thus, “capitalizers” maintained their accounting method, while “switchers” were required to change from expensing to capitalization. Using a difference-in-difference design, we examine the effect of the rule change on the amount and riskiness of the two groups’ R&D expenditures. Consistent with arguments that expensing’s deleterious effect on income causes firms to reduce their R&D outlays, we find that switching firms increased their R&D expenditures more than firms that continued to capitalize. We subject our results to numerous robustness tests, using propensity score matched samples, comparing early vs late switchers, switchers with high vs low R&D expenditure growth, examining R&D behavior in the last year before IFRS adoption, and a placebo test in which we alter the switch date. Across all of these tests, our results support the conclusion that the accounting method affects the amount that firms invest in R&D. Our results attest to the real effects of accounting policy on firms’ R&D investments.