Dessie Wanda

The Development of Nursing Care Services Model for Low Birth Weight Infants

Introduction: Low birth weight (LBW) infants deal with various problems during transitional period from intra-uterine and extra-uterine because of immature organs’ functions. This leads to LBW as the second death cause in Indonesia, particularly in the fi rst seventh days of infants’ lifes. The problem continues to occur at home when the infants have discharged. This research was aimed to develop the nursing care services model for LBW infants and to test the model. Method: The research design was an action research using quantitative and qualitative approach. This design was chosen as it facilitated improvement in health care system, which was involving nurses and other health providers. Results: Nursing care services provided by the nursing team are hindered by several factors, such as various level of nurses’ knowledge, not optimal health education activities, incomplete standard operational procedure, ethical dilemma, paramedic functions, and documentation system. This model was developed based on conservation and becoming a mother/maternal role attainment theory, family-centered care principles, and input from the experts through focus group discussion. Conclusion: The result of this research is going to increase the quality of nursing care for LBW infants by achieving nurses’ and parents’ satisfaction in giving care for their infants which can lead to lower infant death rate.

Could a Certain Sitting Position Reduce the Pain Experienced by a Child? The Benefits of Parental Holding and an Upright Position

ABSTRACT Intravenous injection is the most feared medical procedure and gives rise to an experience of mild to severe pain in children. Unrestrained pain has a negative effect on the child. Pain management in the form of a convenient sitting position is needed by children who undergo intravenous injection procedures. This study aims to determine the effect of parental holding and an upright position on children’s pain during intravenous injection procedures. The study used the Randomized Clinical Trial method involving 34 respondents, aged 1–4 years, who were included in the intervention and control group. The result of a Mann-Whitney U test analysis showed a significant difference in the pain score between the intervention and control groups (p value = .000; α = .05). The parental holding and upright position can be applied as a nonpharmacological pain management strategy for children who undergo intravenous injection procedures.

Combining Natural Ingredients and Beliefs: The Dayak Tribe’s Experience Caring for Sick Children with Traditional Medicine

ABSTRACT Instead of seeking conventional health care, the Dayak tribe in Borneo, Indonesia, treats sick children at home with traditional medicine. The objective of this descriptive, qualitative study was to explore the Dayak tribe’s use of traditional medicine to care for sick children. Comprehensive interviews were conducted with 10 caregivers, with collected data analyzed using content analysis. Key recurring themes identified were: 1) traditional medicine as first aid; 2) ease of access and cost-effectiveness; 3) traditional medicine was not always effective; 4) a combination of natural ingredients and beliefs; 5) the importance of “communicating” with plants; and 6) engagement with metaphysical forces. Health professionals should respect familial cultures’ beliefs regarding the provision of health care at home. Furthermore, they need to develop competency in performing cultural assessments and providing information to these parents on the risks of not seeking professional emergency care for children with conditions that can’t be handled at home with traditional medicine.

The Utilization of Traditional Medicine to Treat Fever in Children in Western Javanese Culture

ABSTRACT Fever regularly affects toddlers and may make their parents uneasy. This study aimed to identify common traditional medicines used by parents to treat their children’s fever at home. The study was conducted in Karyasari, Leuwiliang, Bogor District. It was descriptive in design, and the instrument used was a questionnaire developed by the authors. A group of 106 respondents was selected through the cluster sampling method. All respondents were female; the youngest was 20 years old, and the oldest was 53 years old. The majority of respondents had graduated from elementary and junior high school (93%), were currently unemployed (95%), and had a household income of less than Bogor’s regional minimum wage (RMW) (91%). The majority of mothers (90.6%) identified fever through tactile perception. The most common traditional medicines used by respondents were onion (86.8%) mixed with oil (64.2%) and applied to the body (86.8%). The results of this study suggested the need for health education concerning the use of traditional medicine to treat fever.

The Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score Is a Reliable Malnutrition Screening Tool

ABSTRACT Children often experience malnutrition while they are hospitalized. Therefore, the prevention of malnutrition and nutritional management need to be done properly using malnutrition screening tools. This study aimed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score (PYMS) and the Screening Tool for the Risk of Impaired Nutritional Status and Growth (STRONGkids) when compared to the Subjective Global Nutritional Assessment for Children (SGNA). This study involved 81 pediatric patients with ages ranging from 1 to 16 years old. The two screening tools and the SGNA were examined in each subject. The results of this study determined that the sensitivity and specificity of the PYMS were 95.7% and 66.7%, respectively, while in the STRONGkids they were 52.2% and 41.7%, respectively. This indicates that the PYMS is the most appropriate malnutrition screening tool to be used for a malnutrition screening policy.

The Effects of Music Therapy on the Physiological Response of Asthmatic Children Receiving Inhalation Therapy

ABSTRACT The clinical manifestation of asthma in children can interfere with their daily activities. Music therapy may become one of the alternative approaches to making children feel comfortable during inhalation therapy. The aim of the study was to identify the effects of music therapy on the physiological response of asthmatic preschool and school-age children receiving inhalation therapy. This study used a quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group with a pre-test–post-test design. The 44 respondents consisted of preschool and school-age children assigned to intervention and control groups. The results showed a significant difference in average oxygen saturation, heart rate, and respiratory rate between the control and intervention groups before and after intervention (p < α; α = .05). Music therapy can be used as a nursing intervention to improve the physiological response of children with breathing problems.

Warm Water Compress as an Alternative for Decreasing the Degree of Phlebitis

ABSTRACT Intravenous fluid therapy is an invasive procedure which may increase the risk of patient complications. One of the most common of these is phlebitis, which may cause discomfort and tissue damage. Therefore, a nursing intervention is needed to effectively treat phlebitis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of applying a warm compression intervention to reduce the degree of phlebitis. A quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test design was used, with a non-equivalent control group. The total sample size was 32 patients with degrees of phlebitis ranging from 1 to 4. The total sample was divided into 2 interventional groups: those patients that were given 0.9% NaCl compresses and those given warm water compresses. The results showed that both compresses were effective in reducing the degree of phlebitis, with similar p values (p = .000). However, there was no difference in the average reduction score between the two groups (p = .18). Therefore, a warm water compress is valuable in the treatment of phlebitis, and could decrease the degree of phlebitis both effectively and inexpensively.

The Effectiveness of Distraction (Cartoon-Patterned Clothes and Bubble-Blowing) on Pain and Anxiety in Preschool Children during Venipuncture in the Emergency Department

ABSTRACT In preschool children, venipuncture is considered a bodily threat that can cause pain and anxiety, as well as being a traumatic experience. If the pain and anxiety felt by a child during a venipuncture is not addressed properly, it can result in a traumatic experience, and traumatic events in childhood can have long-term consequences. Atraumatic treatment in the emergency department has been little explored in previous research; therefore, the present study assessed the effectiveness of using the distractions of cartoon-patterned clothes and bubble-blowing on the pain and anxiety of preschool children during venipuncture in the emergency department. This was a quasi-experiment that used a post-test only, control group design approach. The sample consisted of 57 preschool children who were due to undergo venipuncture and who were divided into 3 intervention groups. The results showed that distraction using bubble-blowing is effective in reducing pain and anxiety during venipuncture, while cartoon-patterned clothing is only effective in reducing anxiety. Distractions can refocus the attention of a child away from pain and anxiety during venipuncture. It can inhibit the transmission of pain impulses, such that these impulses are not transmitted to the brain. As a result, the sensation of pain is not experienced.

Traditional Method of Initial Diarrhea Treatment in Children

ABSTRACT Diarrhea is the most common cause of death in children. For diarrhea, home treatment should be administered by parents to prevent diarrheal complications. The purpose of this research was to investigate the traditional method of diarrhea treatment in Tegal regency, Central Java, Indonesia. A descriptive study was conducted with the aim of describing the traditional method of home treatment for diarrhea in children. The study sample included families with children who were experiencing or had experienced diarrhea and had received traditional medicine. The participants were randomly selected based on cluster random sampling, and the results showed that traditional diarrheal treatment involved the use of Psidium guajava leaves, curcumic (turmeric), and tea. P. guajava leaves and curcumic were processed by pounding or shredding and then squeezing to obtain the extracts. Some of the respondents also added salt to the mixture. Most traditional medicine could be found in the garden or by purchase, and friends and family were the most common information resources. Most respondents assumed that traditional medicine was effective to treat diarrhea. It is expected that this research can provide information about diarrheal management by traditional method in the community.