Dewi Gayatri

Maternal Self-Efficacy of Pregnant Indonesian Teens: Development and Validation of an Indonesian Version of the Young Adult Maternal Confidence Scale and Measurement of Its Validity and Reliability

ABSTRACT Pregnant teens often feel uncertain in the last trimester about their ability to take care of their baby. At this time, maternal confidence in the ability to care for the baby is an important step in the preparation for becoming a mother. The purpose of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of an Indonesian version of the Young Adult Maternal Confidence Scale (YAMCS) as an instrument to measure maternal self-efficacy of pregnant teens in the last trimester. The study consisted of 90 pregnant teens, age of respondents less than 19 years and living in 1 of 3 sub-districts: Cilember, Sukamanah and Megamendung, Bogor Regency. West Java. All the participants completed a questionnaire based on the YAMCS to assess maternal self-efficacy. The YAMCS consists of 3 dimensions (perception of ability, uncertainty, and mothering behaviors) and 10 items. All items of the YAMCS had corrected item-total item correlation more than 0.3 and had 0.859 Cronbach’s α scores. Based on the findings of this study, this questionnaire is a valid and reliable measure of maternal self-efficacy of pregnant teens in Indonesia. Health workers can use the questionnaire to assess the confidence of pregnant women, especially that of adolescents, in caring for their baby and being a good mother.

Medical-Device Related Pressure Injuries to Children in the Intensive Care Unit

ABSTRACT Medical devices that are attached to children put pressure on their skin or mucous membranes, and the devices can lead to injuries. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of injury-prevention guidance about children who need to have medical devices attached to their bodies as part of their treatment. The research used a randomized controlled trial method, along with a cross-over design in 50 respondents with age ranges from 1 day to 18 years. The control group was treated in accordance to hospital routine, while the intervention group was given medical treatment based on Kiss and Heiler’s guidelines. Skin assessment was conducted for 3 days. Incidence of Grade 1 pressure injuries on the respondent’s skin or mucous membranes with a mean score of Neonatal Skin Risk Assessment Scale < 13 and average Braden Q score > 15 were observed. Health devices that caused pressure injuries on respondents were: ETT (13%), OGT (12%), NGT (11%), and SpO2 probe (6%). There were no significant differences between the control group and intervention group in terms of the number of pressure injury incidences. Skin trauma and pressure injuries caused by medical devices were within the low-risk category; therefore, nurses should not be complacent with the NSRAS and Braden Q scores in preventing pressure injuries. Further research is recommended to improve the power of related research and development in risk assessment of pressure injuries caused by medical devices in children.

Sensitivity, Specificity, and Accuracy of Kramer Examination of Neonatal Jaundice: Comparison with Total Bilirubin Serum

ABSTRACT Neonatal jaundice often occurs in the first week after birth. Early detection of neonatal jaundice can prevent kernicterus as a complication of high levels of bilirubin in neonates. Visual assessment is one of the examinations introduced by Kramer to assess the presence of neonatal jaundice. The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of Kramer’s visual assessment in the examination of neonatal jaundice. This study used cross-sectional design to examine 102 infants, with the sample selected by the convenience sampling method. A 2 × 2 table diagnostic test was employed in this study to analyze the data. The results of this study showed that visual assessment of neonatal jaundice obtained a sensitivity value of 76.92%, a specificity value of 89.47%, and an accuracy value of 86.27%. This research can contribute to the development of other non-invasive methods for assessing neonatal jaundice, and thereby contribute to a decrease in neonatal morbidity.

Pengaruh Terapi Self-Help Groupterhadap Koping Keluarga dengan Anak Retardasi Mental

Keluarga dengan anak retardasi mental di Kabupaten Sumedang sekitar 10.898 orang dari 1.089.889 penduduk di Kabupaten Sumedang, dan yang tercatat di SLB-C se-Kabupaten Sumedang hanya 218 orang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang pengaruh pelaksanaan terapi self-help groupterhadap koping keluarga dengan anak retardasi mental di SLB-C Kabupaten Sumedang tahun 2009 sehingga dapat mengurangi faktor risiko terjadinya gangguan. Metode penelitian menggunakan quasi experimental pre-post test with control groupdengan intervensi self-help group. Cara pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan sampel sebanyak 22 keluarga. Alat pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner karekteristik keluarga dan kuesioner koping keluarga. Self-help group dilakukan pada dua kelompok, yaitu: kelompok I diberikan self-help groupdengan enam kali pertemuan (empat kali bimbingan dan dua kali mandiri) dan kelompok II tidak diberikan self-help group.Analisis data menggunakan univariat dengan menganalisis secara deskriptif dengan menghitung distribusi frekuensi dan tendensi sentral. Analisis bivariat menggunakan independent sample t-test, chi-square dan dependent sample t-test. Analisis multivariat menggunakan pearson product moment dan rank spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kemampuan koping setelah self-help group pada keluarga dengan anak retardasi mental secara bermakna dan terjadi perubahan dari koping maladaptive menjadi adaptive(nilai p=0.000). Pada kelompok yang hanya diberikan terapi generalis terjadi juga peningkatan kemampuan koping keluarga dengan anak retardasi mental, tetapi peningkatan tersebut masih berada di koping maladaptive. Direkomendasikan untuk membentuk kelompok self-help grouplainnya di lingkungan SLB-C. Kata kunci: Koping keluarga, retardasi mental, self-help group Abstract Family with children having mental retardation at Sumedang district are almost 10,898 childrenof 1,089,889 population and they are only 218 children which recorded at SLB-C at Sumedang district. The purpose of this study was to find descriptionof the effect of implementing self-help groups therapy toward coping family and children with mental retardation at SLB-C Sumedang district in 2009 and expected to decrease the risk factor of disturbance may occur. This study used quasi experimental pre-post test with control group by self help group intervention. The methode to pick up samples was purposive sampling, getting samples by 22 families. Data were collected using questionares of family characteristic and family coping. Self-help group has been done for two groups where the first group was given self-help group for six times of meeting (four times for guiding and two times for standing alone), while the second group was given self-help group. Data were analyzed using univariate method by calculating frequency distribution and central tendency. Bivariate analysis used independent sample t-test, chi-square and dependent sample t-test. Multivariate analysis used pearson product moment and rank spearman. Study result indicated improvement the abilities of coping family and children with mental retardation as means (pvalue = 0.000). It is recommended to build and implementing self-help group for family who had children with mental retardation. Key words:Coping family, mental retardation, self-help group