Deyu Zhong

Drift Velocity of Suspended Sediment in Turbulent Open Channel Flows

The drift velocity, at which sediment disperses relative to the motion of water-sediment mixtures, is a key variable in two-phase mixture equations. A constitutive relation for the drift velocity, expressed as a power series in the particle bulk Stokes number, was obtained by solving the momentum equation for sediment with the perturbation approach. It shows that gravity and turbulent diffusion are the primary dispersion effects on sediment, whereas flow inertia, particle-particle interactions, and other forces such as lift are the first-order particle inertial corrections that also play significant roles in sediment suspension. Analysis proves that studies based on turbulent diffusion theory are the zeroth-order approximations to the present formulation with respect to the particle inertia effect. The vertical concentration and velocity distributions of sediment in simple flows were investigated with the two-phase mixture equations closed by the drift velocity acquired in the research reported in this paper. The calculated concentration profiles agree well with measurements when the first-order particle inertial effect is considered. The calculated velocity of sediment coincides with available experiments that sediment lags behind water in open-channel flows as a result of turbulence-induced drag. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000798.

Calculation method for sediment load in flood and non-flood seasons in the Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River

Based on an empirical sediment transport equation that reflects the characteristics of “more input, more output” for sediment-laden flow in rivers, a general sediment transport expression was developed, which can take into account the effects of upstream sediment input, previous cumulative sediment deposition, critical runoff for sediment initiation, and the differences in sediment particle sizes between the mainstream and tributaries. Then, sediment load equations for non-flood and flood seasons for the sub-reaches from Bayangaole to Sanhuhekou and from Sanhuhekou to Toudaoguai, as well as the whole Inner Mongolia reach from Bayangaole to Toudaoguai, were formulated based on data collected between 1952 and 2010. The corresponding sediment deposition and the cumulative values at each river reach were calculated using the proposed sediment transport equations for the period 1952 to 2010 according to the principle of sediment conservation. Comparisons between the calculated and measured values using the proposed sediment load equations for the sub-reaches and the entire reach showed that the calculated sediment load and sediment deposition and the corresponding cumulative values in the flood and non-flood seasons were in good agreement with the measured values. These results indicated that the proposed methods can be applied to calculate the sediment load and the associated sediment deposition in the flood and non-flood seasons for long-term trend analysis of sediment deposition in the Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River.

Two-Dimensional Finite-Volume Eulerian-Lagrangian Method on Unstructured Grid for Solving Advective Transport of Passive Scalars in Free-Surface Flows

AbstractA two-dimensional (2D) finite-volume Eulerian-Lagrangian method (FVELM) on unstructured grid is proposed for solving the advection equation in free-surface scalar transport models. A backtr...

Prediction–Correction Method for Parallelizing Implicit 2D Hydrodynamic Models. I: Scheme

AbstractParallel solutions of linear systems arising from velocity–pressure coupling in implicit two-dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic models are usually difficult and inefficient. Using domain decomposition, a prediction–correction parallelization method is proposed to solve such systems in parallel. It is proposed as a special method for parallelizing simulations of free-surface flows in alluvial rivers. Rather than solving a large-scale global linear system over the whole domain, the method solves sub linear systems for subdomains in two steps, prediction and correction. For free-surface flows in alluvial rivers, the gravity wave propagation over subdomains is divided into internal and external parts, moving within a subdomain and across its boundaries, respectively. The external part is assumed to be well solved at the prediction step; the whole wave propagation is then solved at the correction step using updated boundary values and initial estimates. A theoretical analysis is conducted to derive the comp...