Diah Permata Wijayanti

Molecular Identification and Genetic Diversity of Acropora hyacinthus from Boo and Deer Island, Raja Ampat, West Papua

Indonesia lies at the centre of biodiversity for corals. However, the reefs suffered from extensive human exploitation. Marine Protected Areas is thought to be best solution to protect coral reefs ecosystem. Understanding genetic diversity is crucial for effective management of the MPAs, however genetic diversity is rarely been corporate in designing an MPA. Moreover, many MPAs are uneffectively manage due to poor designated and demarcated.Raja Ampat which is located in western tip of West Papua, was designated as a park to mitigatethreatsand protect the valuable marine resources.Scleractinian corals in the genus Acropora are among the most dominant distributed in Raja Ampat waters, including the species of Acroporahyacinthus.The research aimed to analyze genetic diversity and to describe the kinship relationship of Acroporahyacinthus between 2 populations: Boo Island and Deer Island, Raja Ampat. Genetic marker Cytochrome Oxidase I (CO I) of the mitochondrial genome DNA (mtDNA) was used to analyze genetic diversity. Reconstruction of phylogenetic tree and genetic diversity were made by usingsoftware MEGA 5.05 (Moleculer Evolutionary Genetics Analysis). The results of this research indicatecorals A. hyacinthus from Boo Island and Deer Island Raja Ampat are in the low category of genetic diversity and overall had a close genetic relationship of kinship. This is likely due to the small size of the population and few numbers of samples that may not represent the population.

Growth of Favia and Favites Coral Transplants Based on Polyps Number (Pertumbuhan Karang Transplan Genus Favia dan Favites Berdasarkan Jumlah Polip)

Budidaya karang melalui teknik transplantasi merupakan salah satu cara untuk menyelamatkan keberadaan karang terumbu di alam. Selain untuk diperdagangkan, karang hasil transplantasi juga dapat ditanam untuk memperbaiki terumbu karang yang rusak. Penelitian ini menggunakan ukuran dan bentuk polip Favia dan Favites sebagai dasar penentuan ukuran benih untuk mengurangi kerusakan koloni donor. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan transplan Favia dan Favites. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan rancangan acak lengkap. Dua ukuran polip dipilih mewakili ukuran benih kecil dan besar, yaitu 2 cm dan 4 cm. Penanaman karang transplan dilakukan di Teluk Awur selama bulan April hingga November. Pengamatan dilakukan tiap 2 minggu sekali. Analisa data menggunakan ANCOVA. Analisa statistik menunjukkan pertumbuhan kedua ukuran transplan tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05). Pertumbuhan transplan Favia dan Favites ditandai dengan munculnya tunas intratentakular. Pertumbuhan transplan tertinggi dicapai transplan Favites ukuran 4 cm dengan kecepatan tumbuh 0.596 cm 2 .bulan -1 , sedangkan pertumbuhan terendah ditunjukkan oleh transplan Favites ukuran 2 cm dengan pertumbuhan 0.463 cm 2 .bulan -1 . Kata kunci: p ertumbuhan karang, transplantasi, Favia, Favites, j umlah polip Cultivation coral by using transplantation method is one attempt to alleviate corals collection in nature. In addition to be traded, the corals can be transplanted to repair damaged coral reefs. This study utilized size and polyps form of coral Favia and Favites to be transplanted to minimize damage of coral donors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the growth of Favia and Favites transplants. The research was carried out by experimental method using a completely randomized design . T wo different size of polyps i.e 2 polyps represented small size and 4 polyps represented large size were applied for each coral species . Research was conducted from April–November at Teluk Awur Bay, Jepara. The samples were observed every two weeks. Collected data were analyzed by repeated measurement ANCOVA. Statistical analysis showed that the growth of transplants did not show significant differences (P>0.05) between each genus and between 2 and 4 polyps. The growth of transplants have shown by extratentacular budding on Favia and intratentacular budding on Favites. T he highest growth rate of transplants was shown by 4 polyps of Favites at 0.596 cm 2 .mo -1 and the lowest by 2 polyps of Favites at 0.463 cm 2 .mo -1 , respectively. Keywords: Coral Growth, Transplantation, Favia, Favites, Number of Polyps