Diane Whitehouse

The Information society : evolving landscapes

Roots, legitimacy and ideology towards new cultural perspectives? - politics economics artificial intelligence, human mind and image of reality.

eHealth: Legal, Ethical and Governance Challenges

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The Information Society and its Consequences: Lessons from the Past

Without doubt the year 1976 was an important year for the discussion on Computers and Society. In that year Joseph Weizenbaum’s Computer Power and Human Reason was published and IFIP’s TC 9 on Computers and Society was founded. In this contribution we want to give a short overview of the history since then and answer the question “what lessons can be learned from the past twenty-five years?” Following a review of the vigorous debate on the development of computers in society that has taken place during that period, four main questions are raised: 1. Is the Information Society a new phenomenon or is it a question of emphasis? 2. Has the development led to a new revolution as never seen before, as many scientists and policy makers would have us believe? 3. What are, in a general sense, the consequences of this evolving information society? 4. Can information technology be controlled, and if so, what are the main instruments of control?

Assessing Legal, Ethical and Governance Challenges in eHealth

This chapter offers a brief introduction to the phenomenon of eHealth, and its increasing deployment to improve the quality of healthcare delivery. The chapter also gives an insight into the contents of the book by discussing the various issues raised in its 16 chapters that focus on legal, ethical and governance challenges. It concludes with a set of reflections on the kinds of concerns that have been common to the chapter authors, and that are likely to continue to face eHealth in the near- and mid-term future.

An Ethical Global Information Society

New ethical issues related to the global information society have emerged. Extraterritoriality and legal ambiguity are consequences of the global information society and cyberspace. This discussion paper summarizes key ethical issues that need to be addressed in a charter for citizens of the global information society. For each issue, the main implications for citizens of nations and of cyberspace are discussed and statements of principle are developed. These principles, set out as a charter for citizens, are intended for use as: guidelines by law-makers and decisionmakers in government and industry; an ethical framework for possible future international legislation; and as benchmarks for citizens and cybercitizens in assessing their rights and obligations in relation to the global information society and cyberspace.

A 21st Century Ethical Debate: Pursuing Perspectives on Ambient Intelligence

This paper takes a broad perspective on ambient, intelligent technologies in the context of contemporary European society at the turn of the 21st century. The underlying ideas and expectations of ambient intelligence in a period when Europe focuses progressively on the various social, economic, and ethical challenges facing the Information Society are discussed. The use of information and communication technologies in different organizational and economic settings are explored, with an illustrative focus on eHealth. It is particularly argued that more space, effort and facilities need to be created for a public social and ethical debate among European’s citizens with regard to information and communication technologies development.

ICT and Society

The theoretical understanding of online shopping behaviour has received much attention. Less focus has been given to the formation of the ethical issues that result from online shopper interactions with e-retailers. The vast majority of earlier research on this area is conceptual in nature and limited in scope by focusing on consumers’ privacy issues. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to propose a theoretical model explaining what factors contribute to online retailing ethics and its effect on customer repurchase intention. The data were analysed using variance-based structural equation modelling, employing partial least squares regression. Findings indicate that the five factors of the online retailing ethics (security, privacy, nondeception, fulfilment/reliability, and corporate social responsibility) are strongly predictive of online consumers’ repurchase intention. The results offer important implications for e-retailers and are likely to stimulate further research in the area of e-ethics from the consumers’ perspective.

Applied ethics and eHealth: principles, identity, and RFID.

The social and ethical implications of contemporary technologies are becoming an issue of steadily growing importance. This paper offers an overview in terms of identity and the field of ethics, and explores how these apply to eHealth in both theory and practice. The paper selects a specific circumstance in which these ethical issues can be explored. It focuses particularly on radio-frequency identifiers (RFID). It ends by discussing ethical issues more generally, and the practice of ethical consideration.

Putting Identifiers in the Context of eHealth

eHealth is becoming an increasingly noteworthy domain in terms of public sector exploitation of information and communications technologies. Appro-priately identifying the users of electronic health systems is a major contem-porary challenge. The appropriate identification of eHealth systems’ and ser-vices’ users is one of its core areas of concern. This paper develops a particular problem statement that relates to the notion of identifiers in eHealth, outlines its conceptual background, and defines a set of solutions to the problem outlined. It lists a variety of use cases or examples against which the issues can be tested (these are further explored in a parallel paper [13]), and proposes some possibilities for future work. In particular, the paper de-scribes the results of a 2007 workshop that explored all of these notions. While the paper bases its orientations in a general European framework, the main examples and illustrations used by the authors come from experiences in the Netherlands.

The process of ethics

A prominent, public debate regarding the possibilities available to regulate the Internet has surrounded the expansion of this increasingly ubiquitous medium. It was the intention of IFIP’s special interest group on a Framework for Ethics to facilitate contibution to this important discussion. The group did so by organising a series of rolling workshops and a round table on the subject of Internet governance throughout the duration of the HCC5 conference. The details of the presentations, and the ensuing discussions, are described here. Not only did these events provide an ethical focus for the entire conference, they also enabled a particularly dynamic and interactive experience in the process of developing ethics.