Dionisio Link

Levantamento da entomofauna associada a cultivares de batata em duas épocas de cultivo

Foi feito um levantamento da populacao de artropodes num agroecossistema de batata, Solanum tuberosum L., em Santa Maria, RS, durante o ano agricola 1989/90. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi comparar a entomofauna em diferentes cultivares de batata durante a epoca tradicional do seu crescimento e na safrinha. O experimento consistiu de nove cultivares durante a epoca tradicional, e de dez cultivares durante a safrinha. Amostras de insetos foram coletadas semanalmente com a rede de varredura (15 redadas por amostra). Os coleopteros foram predominantes durante a epoca tradicional do crescimento da cultura, e os dipteros, na safrinha. As especies fitofagas mais frequentes foram: Epitrix sp., na epoca tradicional, e Diabrotica speciosa (Germar), na safrinha, seguidas da Empoasca kraemeri Ross & Moore, em ambos os periodos de crescimento dessa cultura. Foi coletado um numero maior de insetos no periodo tradicional de crescimento da cultura do que na safrinha. Os insetos mostraram preferencia pela cultivar Bintje durante o periodo tradicional, e pela Pomina, na safrinha. A cultivar Sahael foi a menos procurada, nos dois periodos. As especies de predadores Eriopis connexa (Germar) e Geocoris sp. foram as mais numerosas no periodo tradicional de crescimento da cultura. Durante a safrinha, a Cycloneda sanguinea (L.) predominou em todas as cultivares.

Bionomia comparada dos serradores, Oncideres saga saga (Dalman, 1823) e Oncideres dejeani (Thomson, 1868) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) em Parapiptadenia rigida .

Some biological parameters of the twig girdlers, Oncideres saga saga and O. dejeani (Thomson, 1868) on red angico tree, Parapiptadenia rigida (Benth.) (Leguminosae) were compared in Santa Maria - RS. Measurements were taken about the imago emergence hole, diameter of the cutted branch, length and volume of larvae-pupae gallery. Both twig girdlers presented the adult emergence hole in a almost circular form and developed in branches of different diameters. O. saga saga dug depeer galleries and consumed greater wood volume than O. dejeani .

INFLUÊNCIA DE SISTEMAS DE MANEJO DE SOLOS E DE CULTURAS SOBRE INSETOS SUBTERRÂNEOS

SUMMARY The influence of soil and crop management systems on underground insects was evaluated, in Cruz Alta, Brazil, from February 1987 to August 1990. Soil samples were collected monthly and insects were separated and indentified. A greater number of insects was observed in no-till sowing system (MT), with 62.0% of the total. Larvae of elaterids, Acrolophus sp., Diloboderus abderus and Pantomorus Sp., as well as adults of Ataenius sp., Blapstinus punctulatus and Cyrtomenus mirabilis, showed a higher ocurrence frequency in the NT, while larvae of Diabrotica speciosa and Elasmopalpus lignosellus was more frequent in the conventional-tillage system (CT). A greater number of insects was found in the soybean-soybean-corn crop management, with 58.7% of the total, when compared to soybean grown continuously, and wheat-oat-vetch crop management, with 35.9%, when compared to wheat grown continuously and in wheat-oat, due to the high frequency of Diabrotica speciosa larvae in these systems.

Eficácia de sulfluramida-isca granulada, no combate à formiga vermelha de monte, Acromyrmex heyeri .

Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the efficiency of some ganulated baits on the control of the red leaf cutting ant, Acromyrmex heyeri (Forel, 1899) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Santa Maria- RS from January until May 1995 on an area with native pasture. Baits containing Chlorpyrifos at 4.5g a.i. kg-1, Sulfluramid at 3.0g a.i. kg-1 and Dodecachlor at 4.5g a.i. kg-1 were applied 10g/small nest (20-30cm diameter) and 30g/big nest (45-60cm diameter) using a completely randomized design with 10 replication. Up to 72 hours afterwards the attractiveness or repulsiveness of the baits were evaluated. Five, 30, 60, and 90 bays later the activity of the nests were observed. Ninety after treatmentes the nests were excaved and control efficiency was calculated. For small nests, 10g/ nest of baits containing Sulfluramid were as efficient as the standard treatment, 30g/ nest of Docecachlor. For big nests, 30g/ nest of baits containing Sulfluramid were as efficient as the standard Dodecachlor. Baits containing Chlorpyrifos were not efficient on the control of the red ant.

Danos causados por insetos em sementes de timbaúva, Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong.

Periodical collections of timbouva (Enterolobium contortisiliquum) pods were conducted between May and September of 1988 and 1989 in order to determine insect attack on seeds. During 1988 and 1989, 143 and 121 samples were collected respectivelly most of them in Santa Maria and Sao Sepe- RS. Two beetle species were detected attacking seeds inside the pods: Merobruchus bicoloripes (Pic, 1930) ( Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and Lophopoeum timbouvae Lameere, 1884 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). More than 75% of the pods presented at least one beetle species. On the evarage there were three bruchid to one cerambycid. The infestation levels at two locals in Santa Maria were inverted for the two species, in Arroio Grande, 98,5% were L. timbouvae and in Arenal, 98,5% were M. bicoloripes.

Nível de infestação de Butiobruchus sp em amêndoas de butiazeiro

Nuts of butia palm are attacked by a weevil, Butiobruchus sp. About 80% of the larvae gave origin to adults. Most of the larvae damages only one seed. This bruchid is not a limiting factor of the survival of this palm tree.

Soluções atrativas para o monitoramento populacional de Zaprionus indianus (Diptera: Drosophilidae) em pomar de figo

The fig fly ( Zaprionus indianus ) is one of the major fig pests in Brazil, being its monitoring important for reducing the use of chemical insecticides. This study aimed at evaluating the efficiency of attractive food for Z. indianus , in fig orchard. The experiment was installed in a domestic fig (‘Roxo de Valinhos’ cultivar) orchard, using five treatments (fig juice at 50%, sugarcane molasses at 7% and grape juice at 30%, 40% and 50%), with five replicates, in a completely randomized design. A total of 3,284 adult fig flies (1,983 female and 1,301 male) were captured, representing 42% of the total insects and 62% of the drosophilids captured. The proportion of males and females was similar for all attractive solutions. Fig juice at 50% was effective in capturing the fig fly, being recommended for its monitoring in domestic orchards. Sugarcane molasses at 7%, despite its effectiveness, did not present regularity in fig fly capturing, being only indicated for periods of less than 28 days. At the concentrations tested, the grape juice was not effective.

A EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL NA GESTÃO DE RESÍDUOS DOS LABORATÓRIOS DA FEPAGRO/SEDE (FUNDAÇÃO ESTADUAL DE PESQUISA AGROPECUÁRIA)

Environmental Education is an ongoing process in which individuals and the community become aware of their environment, and acquires knowledge, values, skills, experience and d determination to make it able to act and solve environmental problems, in the present and in the future (UNESCO, 1987). This have with objective raise awareness for one a comprehensive education, which proposes reach all citizens, through a continuous process and participatory teaching that seeks to stimulate the person in a critical awareness of the problem the environment. The implementation of a management program waste is something that requires, first of all changes attitudes, and therefore, is an activity that brings results the medium and long term, and requires feedback continuous. Hence the importance of human aspect because the success of the program is strongly focused on changing attitudes of all stakeholders of the generating unit. The disclosure is essential to raise awareness and spread of ideas and attitudes that sustain (Jardim, 1998). With this in mind, a survey was conducted through quantitative interview directed at members of FEPAGRO Labs / Headquarters, located in the municipality of Porto Alegre / RS. Respondents of both sexes present distribution of age groups between 21 and 60 years, however males presented members up close to 70 years. Of the five items asked respondents referred to the demand for laboratory work, noted with 70.59% both internally and externally, and only 23.53% as internal. The analysis performed by laboratories 29.41% indicated Chemistry and Physics, 23.53% Biological 17.65% as Physical and Biological and 5.88% for all and none of the alternatives. All respondents agreed that have production of waste in their laboratories work, and these residues are solid and net 94.12%. The classification of waste was produced grouped by respondents on: metal, glass, plastics, organic and inorganic 35.30%, glass, plastics, organic and inorganic 23.53%, and 11.76% both for glass and plastics and inorganic and organic and 5.88 % for plastics, organic and inorganic, as well as for organic and inorganic. Therefore, there is the importance of waste management since the laboratories produce and miscellaneous debris analysis for various purposes. Although there is no specific legislation that deals with the final disposal of waste chemicals from the teaching and research, this should not be used as an excuse for the lack of management of these wastes (Jardim, 2009).

Identification of host plants of the avocado borer, Stenoma catenifer Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae) in Rio Grande do Sul

Fruits of Nectandra megapotamica Mez and Cinnamomum camphora (L.) (Lauraceae) were collected in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in 2004. Species of five families of insects were found inside the fruits: two fly species (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Drosophila spp.), six beetle species, Heilipus sp., Conotrachelus sp. (Curculionidae), Hypothenemus sp. (Scolytidae) and three species of Carpophilus (Nitidulidae), and moths (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae). The moth especimes were identified as Stenoma catenifer Walsingham, the avocado borer. The occurrence of the moth was predominant from early April until middle May. The natural larval infestation level was low. Two new host plant of the pest were identified.

Alguns aspectos da biologia do serrador Oncideres impluviata (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae).

Observations were conduted aiming to determine some comparative parameters of the twig girdler Oncideres impluviata (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) biology when parasiting the red angico ( Parapiptadenia rigida ) in Santa Maria - RS and capororoca ( Rapanea umbellata ) in Sao Sepe - RS, during 1990/92. Measurements were taken of the adult emergence holes as well as length and volume of the larvae-pupae gallery. O. impluviata presents a emergence hole almost circular and develops in branches of variable diameters independently of the botanical species and gallery length and volume are similar on both botanical species.