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Featured researches published by Dirk Konietzka.


Population | 2002

Women's Employment and Non-Marital Childbearing: A Comparison between East and West Germany in the 1990s

Dirk Konietzka; Michaela Kreyenfeld

Abstract In contrast to West Germany, where marriage and childbirth have been strongly coupled, the German Democratic Republic (GDR) displayed high rates of non-marital childbearing. Researchers attributed this pattern to “misguided” GDR family policies that encouraged women to remain unmarried after childbirth. With German unification, East Germany’s legal and political institutions — including family policies — were replaced by those of West Germany. Against this background, it was widely expected that east German non-marital birth rates would soon fall to west German levels. After unification, however, they increased even further.This article argues that the enormous east-west differences in non-marital childbearing in the 1990s can be attributed to differences in women’s work orientation. Despite unfavourable labour market constraints and social policies that encourage women’s withdrawal from the labour force after childbirth, east German women, compared with their west German counterparts, are still more likely to be in full-time employment, and to re-enter the labour force sooner after childbirth. Our empirical investigation, drawing on data from the German 1997 micro-census, reveals a strong effect of women’s education and employment on marriage in west Germany, whereas in east Germany the probability of living in a marital union is hardly correlated at all with women’s employment characteristics. We conclude that a generally strong female work orientation and the wide availability of public day care facilities are the most important factors weakening the economic incentives for east German women to get married at childbirth.


Work, Employment & Society | 2010

The growing educational divide in mothers' employment: an investigation based on the German micro-censuses 1976-2004

Dirk Konietzka; Michaela Kreyenfeld

This article investigates whether the increase in the labour force participation of mothers in western Germany has been accompanied by growing social inequalities in maternal employment. The focus is on education-related differences in full-time, part-time and marginal employment, and, in particular, changes therein over time. It is assumed that worsening labour market opportunities for the less educated and a ‘familialistic’ social policy context have resulted in growing differentials in mothers’ employment by education. Data from the scientific use files of the German micro-censuses for the years 1976 to 2004 show that the part-time and marginal employment rates of mothers have increased, while full-time employment rates have declined. Reductions in full-time employment are most pronounced among less educated mothers, resulting in growing educational differences in the employment of mothers.


Zeitschrift Fur Soziologie | 2001

Die Verwertbarkeit ausländischer Ausbildungsabschlüsse. Das Beispiel der Aussiedler auf dem deutschen Arbeitsmarkt

Dirk Konietzka; Michaela Kreyenfeld

Zusammenfassung Seit dem Zusammenbruch der kommunistischen Regime in Osteuropa ist der Zuzug von Aussiedlern nach Deutschland sprunghaft angestiegen. In diesem Aufsatz analysieren wir die Arbeitsmarktintegration der Aussiedler auf dem deutschen Arbeitsmarkt anhand von Daten des Sozio-Ökonomischen Panels aus dem Jahr 1998. Unter theoretischen Gesichtspunkten steht die Frage der Verwertbarkeit ausländischer Bildungszertifikate im Mittelpunkt unseres Interesses. Obwohl Aussiedler ihre im Ausland erworbenen Ausbildungsabschlüsse formell anerkennen lassen können, gelingt der Mehrheit von ihnen nicht der Zugang zum erlernten Beruf. Die Beschäftigung im erlernten Beruf hat jedoch einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf eine erfolgreiche Arbeitsmarktintegration. Die Probleme, denen sich Aussiedler bei der Verwertung ihrer Ausbildungsabschlüsse ausgesetzt sehen, erlauben Rückschlüsse auf die den deutschen Arbeitsmarkt dominierenden Allokationsmechanismen und die Arbeitsmarktchancen zukünftiger Ost-West-Migranten. Summary Since the breakdown of communism, Germany has experienced a major influx of ethnic German migrants (Aussiedler) from Eastern Europe. In this paper, we use data from the German Socio-Economic Panel of the year 1998 to analyze the integration of ethnic German migrants into the German labor market. We focus particularly on the transferability of educational credentials for the labor market integration of migrants. Although there are official procedures for ethnic German to have their educational and vocational certificates recognized, only a minority of them are working in the occupation they were actually trained for. For migrants, however, working in the occupation learned is a prerequisite for performing well in the German labor market. The problems ethnic German migrants are faced before they can utilize their vocational skills lead us to some general conclusions about dominant allocation mechanisms and further predictions about the fate of future migrant populations in the German labor market.


Archive | 2003

VOCATIONAL TRAINING AND THE TRANSITION TO THE FIRST JOB IN GERMANY – NEW RISKS AT LABOR MARKET ENTRY?

Dirk Konietzka

The German institutional setting of skill formation is supposed to enable young people smooth and structured transitions into the labor market. For decades, the large majority of graduates of the “dual system” of vocational education experienced good chances to immediately access appropriate job positions. However, labor market entry has become less stable in the last two decades. In this paper, we examine the changing transition from vocational training to the first job in Germany. We analyze the consequences of inter-firm mobility and unemployment after finishing vocational education for the transition to the first job. Our results show that leaving the training firm, and especially unemployment, strongly enhance occupational shifts at labor market entry. In addition, not keeping one’s trained occupation negatively affects the chances to enter skilled job positions.


Archive | 2010

Berufliche Ausbildung und der Übergang in den Arbeitsmarkt

Dirk Konietzka

Der Zusammenhang von beruflicher Bildung und sozialer Ungleichheit in Deutschland wurde im Lauf der letzten Jahrzehnte aus unterschiedlichen Perspek-tiven diskutiert. In den 1960er Jahren stand im Zusammenhang mit der fachwis-senschaftlichen Konsolidierung der Berufsbildungsforschung die Auseinanderset-zung mit dem Erbe der hergebrachten Berufspadagogik im Vordergrund (vgl. Stratmann 1991). Dominante Themen waren das Lehrlingssystem als Hort der Ausbeutung und die unzureichende demokratische Kontrolle der beruflichen Bil-dung. Mit der Gewichtszunahme der empirischen Arbeits- und Berufsforschung wurden in den 1970er Jahren verstarkt Fragen der Reproduktion sozialer Un-gleichheit uber das Berufssystem und Muster milieuspezifischer Berufswahl un-tersucht (Lempert 1971; Muller 1975; Beck et al. 1979). In den 1980er Jahren ruckten Probleme zunehmender Arbeitslosigkeit und verschlechterter Ausbil-dungs- und Berufszugangschancen von benachteiligten Gruppen immer mehr in das Zentrum der Forschung (vgl. Heinz et al. 1987). Seit den 1990er Jahren haben sich im Zusammenhang mit einem verstarkten Fokus auf Bildungsubergange die Problemperspektiven u.a. auf geschlechtsspezifische Ungleichheiten, gering quali-fizierte Schulabganger, Migranten(kinder) sowie regionale Ungleichheiten des Ausbildungs- und Arbeitsmarktes (insbesondere zwischen Ost und West) gerich-tet. Nicht zuletzt haben internationale Differenzen von Bildungssystemen und Ubergangsmustern von der Schule in den Beruf eine zunehmende Aufmerksam-keit erhalten (u.a. Shavit und Muller 1998; Muller und Gangl 2004).


European Societies | 2002

The performance of migrants in occupational labour markets

Michaela Kreyenfeld; Dirk Konietzka

Since the breakdown of communism, Germany has experienced a major influx of Aussiedler who are basically migrants originating from Eastern European countries. In this article, we use data from the German Socio-Economic Panel of the year 1998 to analyse the labour market performance of this group of migrants. Our key hypothesis guiding the empirical investigations is that in occupational labour markets , such as the German one, migrants are faced with specific problems when transferring their educational and vocational skills acquired in other countries. Only if they gain access to their trained occupations are they able to perform well in the labour market. Otherwise, occupational closure hinders them from receiving returns to their educational and vocational qualifications.


Archive | 2008

Education and Fertility in Germany

Michaela Kreyenfeld; Dirk Konietzka

Germany’s completed fertility rates are among the lowest in Europe. The total number of children born to West German women of the 1965 birth cohort is estimated to be 1.5 children per woman. A Swedish or French woman of the same cohort will have given birth to almost 2 children during her life time (Council of Europe 2004). Germany’s low fertility in part is manifest in a high proportion of childlessness. Even though childlessness is advancing in many European countries (Dorbritz and Ruckdeschel 2007), Germany stands out with exceptionally high figures. More than 20 percent of the West German female cohort of 1960 are remaining childless at the end of their reproductive life (Konietzka and Kreyenfeld 2007).


Zeitschrift Fur Soziologie | 1999

Die Verberuflichung von Marktchancen

Dirk Konietzka

Zusammenfassung Die Allokation von Personen im deutschen Arbeitsmarkt wird bekanntermaßen in hohem Maße durch berufliche Zertifikate gesteuert. Jedoch ist die Bedeutung von berufsspezifischen Qualifikationen für die Verknüpfung von Ausbildungsabschluß und beruflicher Tätigkeit empirisch weithin ungeklärt. Im Zentrum dieses Beitrags steht die Frage, inwieweit der Zugang zu Berufen und Berufspositionen im deutschen Arbeitsmarkt an inhaltlich spezifische berufliche Zertifikate gebunden ist. Für die Rekonstruktion der Prinzipien der beruflichen Chancenzuweisung werden zwei Dimensionen des Zusammenhangs zwischen beruflicher Bildung und beruflicher Tätigkeit unterschieden: eine hierarchische Dimension, die auf den Zusammenhang zwischen dem erreichten Ausbildungsniveau und der beruflichen Stellung verweist und eine inhaltliche Dimension, welche die Berufsspezifik der Muster der Chancenzuweisung ins Auge faßt. Im theoretischen Teil werden zunächst die institutionelle Differenzierung des Berufsbildungssystems, der Stellenwert formalisierter beruflicher Zertifikate sowie die Bedeutung der Konstruktion des Berufs für soziale Schließungsprozesse erörtert. Auf der Basis der empirischen Analysen soll dann die Frage beantwortet werden, inwieweit von einer ‚Verberuflichung‘ von Marktchancen gesprochen werden kann und in welchem Umfang diese sich im historischen Zeitvergleich verändert hat.


Archive | 2007

Kinderlosigkeit in Deutschland — theoretische Probleme und empirische Ergebnisse

Michaela Kreyenfeld; Dirk Konietzka

In fast allen europaischen Landern bleiben heute mehr Frauen und Manner ohne eigene Kinder als vor zwei oder drei Jahrzehnten. In Westdeutschland sind die Anteile unter den 1959-1963 geborenen Frauen mit insgesamt 19 Prozent und 30 Prozent bei den hoher gebildeten Frauen besonders hoch (Statistisches Bundesamt 2009a, 2009b).


Archive | 2017

Childlessness in Europe: Contexts, Causes, and Consequences

Michaela Kreyenfeld; Dirk Konietzka

This open access book provides an overview of childlessness throughout Europe. It offers a collection of papers written by leading demographers and sociologists that examine contexts, causes, and consequences of childlessness in countries throughout the region.The book features data from all over Europe. It specifically highlights patterns of childlessness in Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Finland, Sweden, Austria and Switzerland. An additional chapter on childlessness in the United States puts the European experience in perspective. The book offers readers such insights as the determinants of lifelong childlessness, whether governments can and should counteract increasing childlessness, how the phenomenon differs across social strata and the role economic uncertainties play. In addition, the book also examines life course dynamics and biographical patterns, assisted reproduction as well as the consequences of childlessness. Childlessness has been increasing rapidly in most European countries in recent decades. This book offers readers expert analysis into this issue from leading experts in the field of family behavior. From causes to consequences, it explores the many facets of childlessness throughout Europe to present a comprehensive portrait of this important demographic and sociological trend.

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André Tatjes

Braunschweig University of Technology

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Sebastian Böhm

Braunschweig University of Technology

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Stefan Bender

Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung

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