Divesh Mittal

Design and Performance analysis of Microstrip Patch antenna for C band applications

A microstrip feed compact rectangular microstrip antenna designed in CST 2016 has been proposed and presented in this paper. The proposed microstrip patch antenna design has been devised using woven fiberglass cloth substrate (FR4) having depth of 0.157 cm with a dielectric constant of (Ɛr= 4.4) and loss angle of 3.18 degree. The ground, patch and feedline are of copper material having conductivity and resistivity of 5.67 × 10 S/m and 1.69 × 10 Ω-m, respectively. A rectangular slot has been cut in the upper rim of the patch to stint the resonant frequency. A small rectangular slot has been added within the patch to increase the bandwidth performance of the antenna. The antenna patch size after slotting has been abridged by 10.12% when compared to a conventional rectangular shaped microstrip patch antenna with a maximum bandwidth of 2.65 GHz and return loss of -60.29 dB. A broad scrutiny of the return loss pattern (dB), directive gain (dB), performance efficiency and directivity (dBi) of the insinuated antenna design has been tendered in this paper. The simple structure and low profile characteristics of the proposed antenna design make it easy to fabricate and employable in the field of wireless communication system. The proposed antenna is capable of operating in the C band having frequency range of 4 GHz – 8 GHz. The input impedance of antenna is 49.96 ohms which meticulously matches with the input impedance of SMA cable having impedance of 50 ohms. This leads reduction in reflection coefficient. The proffered antenna has the capability of being suitably deployed for ISM band, maritime military systems, maritime communications, SAR communications, aeronautical military systems, land military systems and aeronautical communications.

Autonomous solar smart cap (ASSC) for pedestrian safety

In this paper, a solar energy driven wearable autonomous smart cap for pedestrian safety has been proposed. A flexible solar panel capable of providing 10.2V and 120mA has been used as means of powering up wearable smart cap. The objective is to introduce cost-effective, autonomous and user-friendly device for avoiding pedestrian accidents on roads due to the use of mobile phones as the usage of mobile phones by the pedestrians is a vital concern of safety. There has been immense increase in the number of accidents noticed in the past few years due to the massive use of mobile phones on the roads. The flexible solar panel has been used as the means to power the cap. The flexible solar panel employed in the proposed system has very less weight and is extremely flexible which make it feasible to be installed on the cap. The idea of using a flexible solar panel has the grounds for eliminating the dependency of the proposed smart cap on primary batteries which gets fueled up with time. The propounded system is an efficient system which has the ability to detect the obstacle in the path of a mobile user and alert the pedestrian in a user-friendly manner in order to avoid the accident. The propounded system has been tested with the various volunteers and the response has been very much positive. The proposed system has been reviewed as accurate and user-friendly.

High gain substrate slotted microstrip patch antenna design for X-band satellite uplink applications

This paper presents high gain substrate slotted microstrip patch antenna design for X-band satellite applications. The proposed antenna has been designed by using the substrate of Flame Retardant 4 (FR4) having dielectric constant εr of 4.4. The ground, patch and the feedline are made of copper material having thickness of 0.02mm and conductivity of 5.58 × 106 Siemens/m. The proposed antenna has been fed through microstrip feedline via impedance transformer. The impedance transformer has been used to match the impedance of proposed antenna to 50Ω impedance of the SMA connector used to feed power to the designed antenna. The proposed antenna has been designed and simulated using CST Microwave Studio 2014. The proposed antenna covers the X-band satellite uplink (7.9 GHz-8.4 GHz) frequency band making it suitable to be employed for satellite communication applications. Apart, the proposed antenna finds its applications in indoor location and RFID tag (tracking equipment) applications. The simulated antenna design has been practically fabricated and tested by using Network Analyser E5071C and anechoic chamber. It has been observed that the practical results closely match with the simulated antenna results, thus signifying that the proposed antenna design can be feasibly employed for proposed applications.

High directivity FR4 substrate slotted defected ground microstrip patch antenna for X-band applications

The paper emphasizes on the design and performance analysis of high directivity FR4 substrate slotted defected ground microstrip patch antenna for X-Band applications. The antenna has been fed by microstrip feedline via impedance transformer to match the impedance of proposed antenna with the 50Ω impedance of co-axial connector used for feeding power to the antenna. The propounded antenna has been devised and simulated in CST Microwave Studio 2014. This antenna resonates at frequency of 7.94 GHz with the minimal return loss of −81.25 dB, high gain of 8.5 dB and directivity of 8.12 dBi. The proposed antenna has been designed using Flame Retardant 4 (FR4) substrate of dielectric constant, εr=4.4 sandwiched between copper patch and ground plane. The designed antenna has compact area and operating bandwidth of 560 MHz (7.67 GHz–8.22 GHz). The designed antenna can be suitably employed for X-band applications-military, satellite to earth downlink, earth to satellite uplink, radio determination and ultra-wide band applications. The antenna has been fabricated and efficaciously tested using E5071C network analyser and anechoic chamber. It has been perceived that the practical results match with the simulated results.

High gain blind hole substrate slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna design for X-band applications

This paper concentrates on the design and performance analysis of blind hole substrate slotted microstrip patch antenna design for X-band applications. The anticipated antenna has been designed using Flame Retardant 4 (FR4) substrate of dielectric constant, εr of 4.4 sandwiched between copper patch and ground plane. The intended antenna has compact area with impedance bandwidth of 560 MHz (7.67 GHz– 8.22 GHz). The antenna has been fed through microstrip feedline via impedance transformer to equate the impedance of proposed antenna with the 50Ω impedance of co-axial SMA connector used for practically feeding power to the antenna. The antenna operation has been scrutinized in terms of gain (dB), return loss (dB), directivity (dBi), bandwidth (MHz) and VSWR. The projected antenna has been intended and modelled in CST Microwave Studio 2014. This antenna resonates at frequency of 7.94 GHz with the minimal return loss of −81.25 dB, high gain of 8.5 dB and directivity of 8.12 dBi. The designed antenna can be suitably employed for X-band applications-military, satellite to earth downlink, earth to satellite uplink, radio determination and ultra-wide band applications. The antenna has been fabricated and efficaciously tested using E5071C network analyser and anechoic chamber. It has been observed that the practical results closely match with the simulated results.

THz rectangular slitted microstrip patch antenna design for biomedical applications, security purposes & drug detection

In this paper, a microstrip rectangular patch antenna with reduced ground capable of operating in terahertz (optical) frequency range has been designed and proposed. The antenna has been fed by microstrip feedline which has an input impedance of 292.6 Ω closely matching with the input impedance of SMA connecter of impedance 292 Ω for maximum power transfer to the antenna. The ground and patch of the propounded antenna have been made using annealed copper, whereas the seafoam is employed as the substrate material having dielectric constant εr=1. The proposed antenna is capable of operating in the frequency band of 1.69 THz to 1.82 THz with high gain and directivity of 5.95 dB and 5.78 dBi respectively. The rectangular slitted microstrip patch antenna (RSMPA) resonates at 1.752 THz frequency and has an overall bandwidth of 130 GHz. The performance of the proposed antenna design has been further analysed in terms of impedance bandwidth (THz), return loss (dB), VSWR, HPBW and impedance (ohms). The propounded antenna design can be successfully employed for biomedical applications and security purposes. The antenna simulation has been performed by using CST Microwave Studio 2014.

Novel dual circular stacked microstrip patch antenna design for S-band UWB applications

In this paper, the design and performance analysis of dual circular stacked microstrip patch antenna for S-band applications has been proposed. In the proposed antenna design, the substrate of material FR 4 having dielectric constant 4.4 have been used. The ground, patch and feedline are of copper material. The proposed antenna has two circular stackings on the patch and the antenna has impedance bandwidth of 110 MHz with operating frequency ranging from 3.34 GHz to 3.45 GHz. In the proposed antenna design, the stacking has been employed to enhance the directivity and return loss. The proposed antenna design has been fed by microstrip feedline having impedance of 49.36 Ω. The performance of antenna has been analyzed in terms of return loss (dB), impedance bandwidth (MHz), directivity (dBi), gain (dB), VSWR and impedance (ohms). The proposed antenna design resonates at 3.40 GHz frequency with minimum return loss of −41.55 dB, gain of 4.45 dB and directivity of 6.47 dBi. The proposed antenna can be used for S-band (2GHz–4 GHz) applications. The proposed antenna has been designed and simulated using CST Microwave Studio 2014. The proposed antenna has been successfully fabricated and tested using E5071C network analyzer and anechoic chamber. It has been observed that the CST simulated antenna results closely match with the practically fabricated results of the proposed antenna.

Rectangular slitted ground stacked microstrip patch antenna design for public safety purposes

In this paper, a novel multiple slitted and circular stacked microstrip patch antenna with high gain has been proposed. The composite effect of employing slots and stacking provides enhanced return loss (dB), high gain (dB) and directivity (dBi). The proposed antenna design employ FR4 material as a substrate having dielectric constant 4.4. The copper material has been used for patch and ground. The input feed to the proposed antenna design is provided with microstrip feed line having input impedance of 50 Ω which exactly matches with the input impedance of SMA connector having impedance of 50 Ω ensuring maximum power transfer to the antenna. The proposed antenna design has been simulated in CST Microwave Studio 2014, successfully fabricated and tested using E5071C network analyzer and anechoic chamber. It has been observed that the CST simulated antenna results matches with the practically fabricated results of the proposed antenna. The proposed antenna design can be effectively used for public safety purposes (4.94GHz–4.99GHz).