Avneet Kaur

Novel UWB slotted I-shaped flexible microstrip patch antenna design for satellite reconnaissance, amateur radio, future soil moisture and sea surface salinity missions

In this paper, a flexible I shaped stacked novel ultra wideband (UWB) antenna with defected and reduced ground resonant at 1.26 GHz with an impedance bandwidth of 1.278 GHz (1.0596 GHz to 2.3374 GHz) has been proposed which can be suitably employed for satellite reconnaissance, amateur radio, future soil moisture and sea surface salinity mission applications. The material employed for substrate is flexible FR4 having dielectric constant of 4.4 and copper has been used for radiating patch, ground and feed line. The antenna is resonant at 1.26 GHz with return loss of -43.72 dB. The proposed antenna has a gain of 3.00 dB and directivity of 2.815 dBi at resonant frequency of 1.26 GHz. The antenna has been designed and simulated using CST Microwave Studio 2014. The performance of the antenna has been analyzed in terms of return loss (dB), directivity (dBi), gain (dB), smith chart and VSWR. The antenna has impedance of 50 ohms which makes it suitable to be fed by SMA connector of 50 ohms for maximum power transfer from SMA connector to the patch for radiations. The quarter wave transformer has been employed in order to match the antenna impedance with the port impedance. The antenna has been stacked by placing the flexible FR4 substrate of thickness 8mm over the feed line to enhance the impedance bandwidth of antenna by 2 percent. The proposed antenna has been practically fabricated and tested using E5071C Network analyzer and anechoic chamber. It has been observed that the practical antenna performance results closely match with the CST simulated antenna results. The proposed antenna can be suitably employed for Global Positioning System (GPS) applications (L1|1.57 GHz, L2|1.22 GHz, L3|1.38 GHz, L4|1.37 GHz, L5|1.17 GHz), life detection radar systems (1.26 GHz), soil moisture content missions, (1.26 GHz and 1.41 GHz), sea surface salinity missions (1.26 GHz and 1.41 GHz) and amateur radio (1.24 GHz-1.3 GHz, 1.26 GHz-1.27 GHz) applications.

Novel microstrip patch antenna design employing flexible PVC substrate suitable for defence and radio-determination applications

This paper propounds a new flexible material, which has been designed by employing flexible Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) having dielectric constant εr= 2.7 as substrate. The projected antenna design states that a circular shaped copper patch with flag shaped slot on it has been deployed over the hexagonal PVC substrate of thickness 1 mm. Then ground plane is partially minimized and slotted to revamp the antenna performance. The proposed antenna operates within frequency range of 7.2032GHz to 7.9035GHz while resonating at 7.55GHz. The proposed antenna design has minimal return loss of −55.226dB with the impedance bandwidth of 700 MHz, gain of 4.379dB and directivity of 4.111dBi. The antenna has VSWR less than maximum acceptable value of 2. The projected antenna design can be suitably employed for UWB, radio-determination applications (7.235GHz to 7.25GHz), naval, defence systems (7.25GHz – 7.3GHz) and weather satellite applications (7.75GHz to 7.90GHz). The antenna has been designed in CST Microwave Studio 2014. The proposed antenna has been fabricated and tested using E5071C Network Analyser and anechoic chamber. It has been observed that the stimulated results closely match with the experimental results.

A Framework for the analysis of 3-D Novel flange Microstrip Patch Antenna Design employing Flexible Teflon Substrate

This paper summarises a novel microstrip patch antenna design over flexible Teflon substrate having dielectric constant er= 2.1. The proposed antenna exploits a King shaped slot (0.05mm thick) on the radiating patch along with microstrip feed line and reduced ground plane on the other side of the substrate. The radiating element of the flexible flanged antenna design has a King-shaped slot and a finite ground plane to accomplish an excellent impedance matching for maximum power transfer. The proposed antenna has an operating bandwidth of 550.7MHz (3.1244GHz-3.675GHz) with resonant frequency at 3.42GHz and has also an operating bandwidth of 369.1MHz (8.3507GHz-8.7198GHz) with resonant frequency at 8.3609GHz. This flexible flanged microstrip patch antenna design covers various applications including Radio astronomy/ Radiolocation (military&civil)/ UWB/PMSE/FSS Earth stations applications (3.3GHz-3.6GHz), Radio-determination/ Space-research/Fixed applications (8.4GHz-8.5GHz), activesensors (satellite)/ Radiolocation (civil&military)/ Aeronautical-navigation applications (8.5-8.55GHz). The proposed antenna operates for acceptable voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) less than two. The characteristics of the proposed antenna fabricated on a flexible Teflon with different bending angles have been successfully measured. The antenna has been designed in CST Microwave Studio 2014. The proposed antenna has been fabricated and tested using E5071C Network analyser and anechoic chamber. It has been observed that the simulated results legitimately match with the experimental results.

I-shaped dual-resonant gigahertz antenna for radiolocation and military applications

The proposed paper presents two I-shaped substrate slotted flexible microstrip patch antennas with reduced ground for radiolocation and military applications. The proposed antennas employ cellulose acetate having dielectric constant (∊r) of 4.2 as the substrate. The copper having conductivity of 5.95 × 108 Siemens m−1 has been used for designing of patch and ground. The substrate, patch slot and ground reduction is employed to enhance the antenna parameters such as return loss, VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) and bandwidth. The first antenna is resonant at 1.775 GHz and 3.46 GHz with the impedance bandwidth of 1.503 GHz where as the second antenna has resonant frequencies of 1.815 GHz and 3.345 GHz and impedance bandwidth of 1.570 GHz. The performance of proposed antennas has been analyzed in terms of gain(dB), directivity(dBi), return loss(dB), impedance bandwidth(GHz), VSWR(voltage standing wave ratio) and impedance(Ω). The proposed antennas have been fabricated and tested using E5071C Network analyser and anechoic chamber. It has been concluded that the practically tested results closely matches with the simulated results obtained in CST Microwave Studio 2016. Both the antennas can be effectively employed for radiolocation, aeronautical mobile communication, maritime mobile communication and military applications.

High gain substrate slotted microstrip patch antenna design for X-band satellite uplink applications

This paper presents high gain substrate slotted microstrip patch antenna design for X-band satellite applications. The proposed antenna has been designed by using the substrate of Flame Retardant 4 (FR4) having dielectric constant εr of 4.4. The ground, patch and the feedline are made of copper material having thickness of 0.02mm and conductivity of 5.58 × 106 Siemens/m. The proposed antenna has been fed through microstrip feedline via impedance transformer. The impedance transformer has been used to match the impedance of proposed antenna to 50Ω impedance of the SMA connector used to feed power to the designed antenna. The proposed antenna has been designed and simulated using CST Microwave Studio 2014. The proposed antenna covers the X-band satellite uplink (7.9 GHz-8.4 GHz) frequency band making it suitable to be employed for satellite communication applications. Apart, the proposed antenna finds its applications in indoor location and RFID tag (tracking equipment) applications. The simulated antenna design has been practically fabricated and tested by using Network Analyser E5071C and anechoic chamber. It has been observed that the practical results closely match with the simulated antenna results, thus signifying that the proposed antenna design can be feasibly employed for proposed applications.

High gain multifaceted novel UWB flexible microstrip patch antennas for indoor location and tracking equipment applications

The motive behind this research is to analyze the performance of different microstrip patch antennas employing different shapes of substrate and ground (circular, rectangular, square, elliptical and hexagonal) using flexible substrate material for UWB wireless applications. In this paper, the multifaceted novel UWB flexible microstrip patch antennas operating over 8.2 GHz frequency for indoor location and tracking equipment such as radio frequency identification (RFID) have been proposed. The substrate employed in the proposed antennas is flexible FR-4 having dielectric constant 4.4 and thickness 1.5 mm. The main objective of using flexible FR-4 material is to make antennas robust against mechanical exposures such as twisting and bending. The antennas have rectangular shaped radiating patch with microstrip feed line mounted on the upper side of substrate for feeding power to be radiated and ground plane on the lower side of substrate. The copper material of thickness 17 microns is employed for design of radiating patch, microstrip feed line and multifaceted ground in the proposed antenna designs. The performance analysis of the proposed high gain UWB flexible microstrip patch antennas have been carried out in terms of effect of different substrate shapes on the return loss (dB), impedance bandwidth (GHz), gain (dB), directivity (dBi), VSWR and antenna impedance. It has been observed that the performance characteristics of the proposed antennas rely on the substrate and ground shapes. The antennas have been designed and simulated using CST Microwave Studio 2014. The proposed antennas have been practically fabricated and tested using E5071C network analyzer and anechoic chamber. It has been observed that experimental results closely match with simulated results.

Review of Various Designs of Periodic Structures for Frequency Selective Surfaces

With the growing recent trends in communication, different types of antennas for various frequency ranges are being developed. Other than the operating frequency; antenna gain, return loss, VSWR and bandwidth are some of the parameters that are to be looked upon for the practicality of a particular antenna design. This review paper targets an antenna design that uses a frequency selective surface (FSS) to modify the various antenna parameters. An FSS is an array of periodic structures of either metallic patches on a substrate or a conducting screen perforated with apertures, which exhibits filter characteristics for the EM wave incident upon it. In this paper, a number of frequency selective surfaces with different shapes and sizes of periodic structures have been reviewed.

Dual Resonant Microstrip Patch Antenna Design employing triangular slotted substrate for Active Satellite Sensors and Aeronautical Navigation applications

This paper presents dual resonant triangular substrate slotted microstrip patch antenna design for active satellite sensors and aeronautical navigation. The proposed antenna has been designed over FR4 substrate having thickness of 1.57mm and dielectric constant εr=4.4 using silver as radiating patch and groundplane. The thickness of patch and groundplane is 0.02mm. The proposed antenna resonates at two different frequencies: 9.612GHz and 9.77GHz with operating bandwidth of 304MHz and return loss plot (S11) of 29.07dB at 9.612GHz and -25.22dB at 9.77GHz. The antenna is omnidirectional with gain and directivity of 6.246dB and 6.33dBi respectively at 9.77GHz and 4.27dB and 4.22dBi respectively at 9.612GHz. The proposed antenna can be suitably employed for active satellite sensors, aeronautical navigation, military and civil radiolocation for shipborne or airborne surveillance.

Step notched flexible microstrip patch antenna with reduced ground for bluetooth, ISM and WLAN applications

This paper propounds a flexible microstrip patch antenna design using flexible FR4 as substrate has been proposed. The antenna design employs a step notched copper patch of thickness 0.017mm on the top of dielectric substrate FR4 of thickness 1.57mm and reduced copper ground plane of thickness 0.05mm on the other side of the substrate. The proposed flexible patch antenna is capable of operating in frequency range of 2.337 GHz–2.511GHz with 2.418 GHz as the resonant frequency which is suitable to be employed for WLAN, Bluetooth and ISM applications. The performance of the designed antenna has been measured in terms of impedance bandwidth (174MHz), return loss (−49.21dB), gain (5.245dB) and directivity(4.574dBi). The antenna has VSWR less than 2 in the operating frequency range. The proposed antenna has been designed in CST Microwave Studio 2014. The proposed antenna has been fabricated and tested using E5071C Network Analyser and anechoic chamber. It has been observed that the stimulated results closely match with the experimental results.

High directivity FR4 substrate slotted defected ground microstrip patch antenna for X-band applications

The paper emphasizes on the design and performance analysis of high directivity FR4 substrate slotted defected ground microstrip patch antenna for X-Band applications. The antenna has been fed by microstrip feedline via impedance transformer to match the impedance of proposed antenna with the 50Ω impedance of co-axial connector used for feeding power to the antenna. The propounded antenna has been devised and simulated in CST Microwave Studio 2014. This antenna resonates at frequency of 7.94 GHz with the minimal return loss of −81.25 dB, high gain of 8.5 dB and directivity of 8.12 dBi. The proposed antenna has been designed using Flame Retardant 4 (FR4) substrate of dielectric constant, εr=4.4 sandwiched between copper patch and ground plane. The designed antenna has compact area and operating bandwidth of 560 MHz (7.67 GHz–8.22 GHz). The designed antenna can be suitably employed for X-band applications-military, satellite to earth downlink, earth to satellite uplink, radio determination and ultra-wide band applications. The antenna has been fabricated and efficaciously tested using E5071C network analyser and anechoic chamber. It has been perceived that the practical results match with the simulated results.