Divya Asija

Prediction of Voltage Collapse in Power System Using Voltage Stability Indices

Voltage collapse is the possible outcome of voltage instability. Voltage collapse occurs when the transmission lines are operating very close to their maximum capacity limits. This paper focuses on the usefulness of two voltage stability indices to find out the weak bus so that the appropriate measures can be taken in advance to avoid voltage collapse. In this paper, WSCC 3 Machine, nine bus test system has been considered and comparison of different voltage stability indices is done to predict voltage collapse.

Series Smart Wire—Managing Load and Congestion in Transmission Line

Nowadays, congestion management is a major problem in power system deregulation. With the continuous increase in load demand, there is continuous requirement for different new technologies resulting in advanced network operation. This paper presents a solution for congestion management by developing a series smart wire module which operates with the increment in load. The circuitry is bypassed if it does not detects congestion in line else with the detection of congestion series smart wire module is operated. This method improves the reliability of the system by reducing active power losses. The effectiveness of this module is demonstrated in standard IEEE 15 bus system model using MATLAB/Simulink and the results are formulated with graphical representations.

Power flow study and contingency status of WSCC 9 Bus test system using MATLAB

Power flow study is the initial step which provides voltage magnitudes, phase angles, active and reactive power flows at respective buses under normal operating conditions. It helps in analyzing the current state of the power system and effective alternative options for expanding the existing system in order to meet with the increasing load demand. Contingency Analysis is also a major part of study for reliable and planned operation of power system. It is very significant function in modern Energy Management Systems. The objective of contingency analysis is to give operator the information about the static security. There are several factors which may lead to the contingency in power system, for example line outage, transformer outage, generator outage and overloads resulting the extreme situations such as voltage collapse, over loads in other branches and/or sudden system voltage rise or drop. Contingency analysis is used to calculate parameters violations. In this paper, maximum loading parameter is calculated and contingency status of Western System Coordinating Council 3 Machine, 9 Bus test system is done using PSAT toolbox in MATLAB.

Optimal location of TCSC using sensitivity and stability indices for reduction in losses and improving the voltage profile

Major problem of heavily loaded system is, transmission networks are operating close to their limit which causes increase in stress on transmission lines. This problem was solved by the addition of isolated and individually controlled devices such as FACTS to the existing networks. This paper focuses on FACTS device-TCSC (Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor) and its optimal location in the power system network. To decide optimal location of TCSC sensitivity factor methods and stability indices are used. These methods are applied on IEEE-14 bus system and its power flow analysis is done using PSAT (Power System Analysis Tool Box) software. Reactive and real power loss sensitivities, and line voltage stability indexes are calculated for each line and power flow results are compared with and without TCSC in sensitive and critical lines.

Mitigation of Congestion in Transmission Line Using Series Smart Wire

In the deregulated power system market, congestion management is one of significant technical issues. Congestion management demands for decrease in load in a particular line, installation of flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices in transmission line for reliability and the addition of new renewable generation unit. Various new technologies have been developed so far to mitigate congestion within the network without construction of any new line. This paper presents an idea of mitigating congestion by using Smart Wire (SW) in series. SW series module operates whenever congestion is detected and during normal condition, the smart wire circuitry is bypassed. This technology supports the efficacy of the system by decreasing relevant losses also. Proposed system utilises 15 bus IEEE system in MATLAB/Simulink to demonstrate the working of smart wire, and the results are formulated graphically.

LMP Difference Approach for Management of Transmission Congestion

This paper deals with new methodology for optimal placement of Distributed Generator (DG) to improve congestion in the transmission system. The proposed approach is based on LMP and LMP difference method to formulate priority list of buses. Based on priority list congested zones are formed and Distributed Generators are placed at potential location to analyze the status of the system. Loading condition is also studied. In this work, the simulation studies on IEEE 14 bus system is found to be competent to find the best location of DG for management of transmission system congestion.

Power Flow Management in Multiline Transmission System Through Reactive Power Compensation Using IPFC

Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC) is a series–series type of device belongs to FACTS family. The main purpose of using IPFC instead of remaining FACTS devices is that it can provide series compensation for a required transmission line in system, and also IPFC can control power flow across different lines simultaneously in system. In actual IPFC is a combination of two Voltage Source Converters (VSC’s) connected in series by a common dc link in between. By compensating particular line in transmission system, the power flow management becomes effective. It can also possible to exchange reactive power through series compensation within the transmission system. The Voltage Source Converters makes use of snubber capacitance and resistance for reactive power compensation. In this paper a three-phase system is simulated and analyzed by connecting with IPFC Results of the proposed system with output as reactive power are verified for a particular line with and without IPFC.

Minimizing Fuel Cost of Generators Using GA-OPF

In the current scenario of deregulated power system congestion in the network is one of the critical issues, which need to be resolved for better economic and system efficiency. Several measures have been adopted to relieve the system from congestion for maximization of social benefit. Fuel cost minimization is considered as the key factor for social welfare maximization, which provides benefits to both buyer and consumer of electricity. The fuel cost minimization for power system is achieved based on many parameters one of them being generator allocation. This paper uses GA-based optimization algorithm to obtain optimal generator allocation to find the best fit having minimum fuel cost. The proposed approach for fuel cost minimization is tested on IEEE 14 bus standard system.

Optimal placement of distributed generator for maximun load allowability and reduced losses mitigating congestion of transmission system

With fast technological development in the field of electrical, electronics and software technologies the usage of electrical power is escalating at a faster rate, stressing the generation and transmission system. In order to have continuous supply, Distributed Generators (DG) are positioned at distribution systems meeting growing energy demands. DG increases the economic efficiency in addition to peak shaving. DG also has lower rates of greenhouse emissions and high energy security with optimum penetration and location. In this paper, optimum location of DG has been determined using two main factors viz. critical loading parameter and benefit index. Benefit index comprises of Voltage Profile Improvement Index (VPII) and Line Loss Reduction Index (LLRI).DG location has a crucial role in reduction of transmission and distribution losses, avoidance of up gradation of transmission and distributed infrastructure along with support, relieving distributed network congestion and providing ancillary services.

Assessment of congestion condition in transmission line for IEEE 14 bus system using D.C. optimal power flow

This paper presents the analysis for congestion in network utilizing load flow and optimal power analysis. The system was tested for the various Optimal Power Flow technique with different weighing factors and the results obtained were analysed for various comparative factors to develop an optimal system. The optimization carried out on the system minimised the power flow losses and thus minimising the generation cost of the system within the predetermined power flow constraints. This comparative analysis was performed on IEEE 14 bus network system to evolve a method for congestion management. It is an important controlling task for power system.