Vinod Kumar Yadav

Congestion Management Considering Optimal Placement of Distributed Generator in Deregulated Power System Networks

Abstract This article presents an effective methodology for congestion management in deregulated power system networks considering optimal placement of a distributed generator. The novelty of this method is that the optimal placement of a distributed generator in a deregulated power system is decided on the basis of bus impedance matrix (Zbus ) based contribution factors. The Zbus -based contribution factors are independent of slack bus location, which complies with the prevailing competitive environment. The congestion management problem formulation comprises the maximization of social welfare function subject to power balance and transmission congestion constraints. The maximization of the social welfare function causes maximization of consumer benefits and minimization of supplier generation cost and distributed generators. The proposed methodology has been simulated on an IEEE 30-bus system, and comparisons of results are presented with and without distributed generators. The results show that the proposed approach gives significant improvement in social welfare and decreases congestion rent with distributed generator placement.

Indian thermal power plant challenges and remedies via application of modified data envelopment analysis

This paper evaluates the performance of coal-fired thermal power plants in India for the year 2008–2009 using data envelopment analysis (DEA); subdividing the power plants into three categories depending on their scale—small, medium, and large. The classical DEA model is analyzed to identify the efficient ones from the whole gamut of plants run by various organizations of the central government, state government, and private sector. Slack analysis is carried out to explore the specific areas that need to be focused on, in quantitative terms, for the overall efficiency improvement. Further efficiency evaluation is extended from a single criterion-based conventional approach to a multiple criteria oriented approach, and the resulting DEA models are more efficient and flexible in many aspects, particularly in discriminant and weight analysis. Results of multicriteria DEA (MCDEA) are substantiated with cross-efficiency analysis by deploying the weights obtained by the MCDEA in the cross-efficiency analysis. On the basis of the insights provided by the outcome of the analysis, both qualitative and quantitative measures are proposed for improvement of the plant performances. The result of this analysis may assist the management of the power plants to introspect and review their systems and processes for optimal use of resources. The methodology adopted in the present work can also be employed for deeper understanding of power plants in other parts of India as well as in other countries.

Investigations on the Effects of Partial Shading and Dust Accumulation on PV Module Performance

In this paper, a self-designed PV module of Series–Parallel (SP) configuration has been developed using mono-crystalline solar cells for performance investigations under partial shading and dust accumulation conditions. For this study two moving shading patterns (horizontal and diagonal) and four dust samples of different particle properties have been considered at three irradiation levels. Comprehensive investigations are carried out on the considered system and results are obtained in terms of I–V, P–V characteristics, PV power, weight of dust accumulated on PV panel and irradiation level. The results show that diagonal partial shading pattern and ash dust sample have more significant effect on the PV module performance among all the considered shading patterns and dust samples.

Transmission congestion management in deregulated environment: A bibliographical survey

The congestion management plays an important role in power system operation in deregulated environment. Network congestion may lead to market inefficiency, increase in electricity prices and result in market power. Thus congestion management of transmission network has become a key and crucial task of system operators to ensure efficient, economical, secure, and reliable operation of electricity markets. This paper presents a bibliographical survey of literature available on congestion management. The general concepts, background of research & development and future directions related to congestion management methodologies in different electricity markets are presented based on 193 citations referenced in bibliography.

The Evaluation of the Efficacy of an Ongoing Reform Initiative of an Indian Electric Utility

This article evaluates the performance of electricity distribution divisions (EDDs) of an Indian state utility namely, Uttarakhand Power Corporation Limited (UPCL) in terms of overall efficiency through data envelopment analysis with an objective to trace the effectiveness of an ongoing restructuring process. Relative efficiencies of the divisions are compared for the period 2005 to 2008. Further using the Malmquist productivity index and its decompositions, productivity change is investigated for EDDs during the same period. This study gives an assessment of UPCL to monitor and diagnose the changes in the productivity of EDDs, so it will help regulators to formulate more effective policies on deregulation and disintegration and to determine the appropriate productivity factor when imposing yardstick competition on electric utilities.

Development of distributed solar photovoltaic energy market in India

India has gargantuan renewable energy sources. The ministry of new and renewable energy, Government of India has adopted rigorous process of implementation of number of encouraging renewable energy programs. A road map has been provided in various policies to shore up the deployment of renewable energy across the country. The distributed solar photovoltaic (SPV) power plants are envisaged to have record growth in India owing to due technology diligence, reducing costs and supportive government policies in renewable rich states. Distributed SPV will gradually become a vital component of energy mix of country. The small gestation period of these plants would help to meet power shortages and improve the grid situation. The issues and challenges of connectivity of distributed energy sources into grid are being addressed by adopting suitable technologies and policies framework. The paper provides the comprehensive study of development of SPV power plants in India.

A Holistic Approach Model for Realistic Goal-setting for Efficiency Enhancement With Application to the Indian Power Sector

This article evaluates the performance of 29 electricity distribution divisions of the Indian state Uttarakhand in terms of overall efficiency through data envelopment analysis (DEA) and compares the result with an analysis based on cross efficiency—a method for peer-appraisal. The introduction of cross efficiency highlights the falsely indicated efficient divisions through the measurement of a “false positive index.” The main objective of this work is to identify the apparent “overall efficient” divisions as indicated by DEA analysis solely. Cluster analysis provides more appropriate targets to be used as a benchmark by the poorly performing divisions. The findings of this article can be instrumental to managers and policy makers to adopt measures that would be beneficial to the improvement of inefficient divisions.

LMP Difference Approach for Management of Transmission Congestion

This paper deals with new methodology for optimal placement of Distributed Generator (DG) to improve congestion in the transmission system. The proposed approach is based on LMP and LMP difference method to formulate priority list of buses. Based on priority list congested zones are formed and Distributed Generators are placed at potential location to analyze the status of the system. Loading condition is also studied. In this work, the simulation studies on IEEE 14 bus system is found to be competent to find the best location of DG for management of transmission system congestion.

Line Flow Indices for Placement of Distributed Energy Sources in Relieving Transmission Line Congestion

In the present work, intelligent approach is presented for the placement of distributed generation (DG) unit in order to relieve congestion in transmission lines. Loss flow index is employed to find the optimal locations for the incorporation of DG unit to the existing network. The index presented in this work is based on mathematical form of real power losses which is drawn from conventional power flow solution. The proposed method of obtaining optimal placement is applied on IEEE 30 bus system, and obtained results are compared with respect to DGs. The suboptimal places are also determined in view of geographical suitability of the DG installation with respect to the optimal location. Results conveyed that the approach of optimal placement is good enough in comparison to other approaches presented in the past literature.

Environmental effects on performance of solar photovoltaic module

Solar photovoltaic energy market has witnessed enormous growth worldwide in last decade. The solar photovoltaic power plants can be implemented at any scale varying from a small rooftop of a house to utilitys mega project range of hundreds of MWs. With growing interest in developing PV plants, it has become imperative to understand the performance characteristics and parameters affecting the energy yield of PV modules. The paper presents the insights to solar PV module. A comprehensive analysis of factors contributing towards module losses is provided. The output performance vis-à-vis varying environmental conditions has been discussed. For performance analysis, a 310Wp polycrystalline module is simulated for different physical conditions by using PVsyst software. The module performance gets affected mainly due to change of irradiance levels, operating temperatures, shading effects and other correlated factors. The power output varies significantly with any deviations from standard test conditions. The selection of suitable site, technical design, right installation and regular maintenance would improve the performance of solar PV plant making it economically viable source of energy.