Djordje Jovanović

Oxime-induced reactivation of acetylcholinesterase inhibited by phosphoramidates

The reaction of human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with a set of structurally related phosphoramidates was studied in order to investigate the properties of phosphorylated enzyme and the effects of 4 oximes PAM-2, TMB-4, HI-6 and BDB-106 on the reactivation of inhibited AChE. Second-order rate constant of the phosphorylation reaction of the compounds towards the active site of AChE range between 5.0 x 10(2) and 4.9 x 10(6) M-1min-1 and their inhibitory power (I50) was from 7.3 x 10(-5) to 5.7 x 10(-9) M for 20 min incubation at 37 degrees C. The oximes used were weak reactivators of inhibited AChE except for (C4H9O)(NH2)P(O)DCP (DCP, -O-2,5-dichlorphenyl group) and (C6H13O)(NH2)P(O)SCH3 where we have obtained good reactivation. Imidazole oxime BDB-106 proved to be a potent reactivator of tabun-inhibited AChE.

Atomic force microscopy based manipulation of graphene using dynamic plowing lithography

Tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) is employed for dynamic plowing lithography of exfoliated graphene on silicon dioxide substrates. The shape of the graphene sheet is determined by the movement of the vibrating AFM probe. There are two possibilities for lithography depending on the applied force. At moderate forces, the AFM tip only deforms the graphene and generates local strain of the order of 0.1%. For sufficiently large forces the AFM tip can hook graphene and then pull it, thus cutting the graphene along the direction of the tip motion. Electrical characterization by AFM based electric force microscopy, Kelvin probe force microscopy and conductive AFM allows us to distinguish between the truly separated islands and those still connected to the surrounding graphene.

Spectroscopic imaging ellipsometry and Fano resonance modeling of graphene

In this work, we have examined the optical properties of exfoliated graphene on an Si/SiO2 substrate using spectroscopic imaging ellipsometry in the visible range (360–800 nm). Measured spectra were analyzed by an optical model based on the Fresnel coefficient equations. The optical model was supported by correlated Raman and atomic force microscopy measurements. The complex refractive index of graphene was obtained by inversion of the measured ellipsometry data. The Fano line-shape was used to parameterize the optical properties. Measurements were highly reliable due to the numerous advantages of the spectroscopic imaging ellipsometric technique combined with the proper choice of substrate and experimental set-up. Thickness maps of the graphene sample were obtained from spatially resolved imaging ellipsometry spectra with a spot size of 1 μm. The data showed the presence of a water layer on the surface of the sample, and the thickness was mapped showing the distribution of water over graphene in ambient ...

Influence of transfer residue on the optical properties of chemical vapor deposited graphene investigated through spectroscopic ellipsometry

In this study, we have examined the effects of transfer residue and sample annealing on the optical properties of chemical vapor deposited graphene, transferred onto a sapphire substrate. The optical absorption of graphene was obtained from point-by-point inversion of spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements in the visible and ultraviolet ranges (250–800 nm). Measured spectra were analyzed by optical models based on the Fresnel coefficient equations. The optical models were supported by correlated Raman, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy measurements. The obtained data were phenomenologically described by a Fano model. Our results show that a residue layer left on graphene can significantly increase its optical absorption in the visible range, compared to an annealed sample.

Spectroscopic ellipsometry of few-layer graphene

The optical properties of few-layer graphene (FLG) films were measured in the ultraviolet and visible spectrum using a spectroscopic ellipsometer equipped with a 50-mu m nominal microspot size. The FLG thickness was found by atomic force microscopy. Measurements revealed that the microspot is larger than the FLG flake. The ellipsometric data was interpreted using the island-film model. Comparison with graphite and recently published graphene data showed reasonable agreement, but with some features that could not be explained. The error margin for the optical constants was estimated to be +/- 10%.

Refraction and band isotropy in 2D square-like Archimedean photonic crystal lattices

In this paper we theoretically study refraction effects in the 2D square-like Archimedean photonic crystals (3(2), 4, 3, 4) and (4, 8(2)) made of dielectric rods in air. In addition, we investigated a band isotropy and band gap structure in these lattices. We compared the square and square-like structures as well, their refraction characteristics, zone structures and the level of band and band gap isotropy (bandwidth and band gap dependence on the wave vector). We found that square-like structures can have some advantages over the square ones regarding the completeness of the gap, its isotropy and the gap width. Also, due to the same square primitive unit cell and the first Brillouin zone, the square and square-like lattices have similar optical response in lower bands.

Enhanced sheet conductivity of Langmuir–Blodgett assembled graphene thin films by chemical doping

We demonstrate a facile fabrication technique for highly conductive and transparent thin graphene films. Sheet conductivity of Langmuir–Blodgett assembled multi-layer graphene films is enhanced through doping with nitric acid, leading to a fivefold improvement while retaining the same transparency as un-doped films. Sheet resistivity of such chemically improved films reaches 10 , with optical transmittance 78% in the visible. When the films are encapsulated, the enhanced sheet conductivity effect is stable in time. In addition, stacking of multiple layers, as well as the dependence of the sheet resistivity upon axial strain have been investigated.

Multilayer graphene condenser microphone

Vibrating membranes are the cornerstone of acoustic technology, forming the backbone of modern loudspeakers and microphones. Acoustic performance of a condenser microphone is derived mainly from the membranes size, surface mass and achievable static tension. The widely studied and available nickel has been a dominant membrane material for professional microphones for several decades. In this paper we introduce multilayer graphene as a membrane material for condenser microphones. The graphene device outperforms a high end commercial nickel-based microphone over a significant part of the audio spectrum, with a larger than 10 dB enhancement of sensitivity. Our experimental results are supported with numerical simulations, which also show that a 300 layer thick graphene membrane under maximum tension would offer excellent extension of the frequency range, up to 1 MHz.

Femtosecond laser induced periodic surface structures on multi-layer graphene

In this work, we present an observation of laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on graphene. LIPSS on other materials have been observed for nearly 50 years, but until now, not on graphene. Our findings for LIPSS on multi-layer graphene were consistent with previous reports of LIPSS on other materials, thus classifying them as high spatial frequency LIPSS. LIPSS on multi-layer graphene were generated in an air environment by a linearly polarized femtosecond laser with excitation wavelength λ of 840 nm, pulse duration τ of ∼150 fs, and a fluence F of ∼4.3–4.4 mJ/cm2. The observed LIPSS were perpendicular to the laser polarization and had dimensions of width w of ∼30–40 nm and length l of ∼0.5–1.5 μm, and spatial periods Λ of ∼70–100 nm (∼λ/8–λ/12), amongst the smallest of spatial periods reported for LIPSS on other materials. The spatial period and width of the LIPSS were shown to decrease for an increased number of laser shots. The experimental results support the leading theory behind high s...

Influence of a gold substrate on the optical properties of graphene

Spectroscopic ellipsometry combined with measurements of electrical characteristics and Kelvin probe force microscopy have been employed to investigate the interaction between graphene and a gold substrate, and the consequent changes of graphenes complex refractive index on gold. A strong blue shift, as much as 350 meV, of the prominent absorption peak (exciton-shifted M-point Van Hove singularity in the ultraviolet range) of graphene has been observed, with respect to the peak position for the sample on an insulating substrate where this peak was observed at about 4.55 eV. The results show that an interaction between graphene and a gold substrate can be characterized through the change of graphenes optical properties. In addition, the effects that a water layer trapped between graphene and gold during the transfer process has on the charge transfer between graphene and the gold substrate have been investigated.