Dogan Karakus

Slope stability analysis and slide monitoring by inclinometer readings: Part 2

Abstract This part of the study covers the method of slope stability analysis and the necessary precautions to be taken to stop mass movement, the details of which have been given in the accompanying paper. Here, backfilling that was planned to provide support against the moving mass and the amount of coal to be left beneath the backfilling were examined. After starting to apply the most suitable alternative protection plan to restrain sliding by three alternatives in the early 2000s, the inclinometer readings provided supervision guidance over the slope movements. The results and comments on the inclinometer readings are also covered in this paper. Results taken from instrumentation work have been compared with the amount of backfill placed so far and the relationship between small-scale earthquakes that the nearby area of the study and slope movement have been given.

Ultrasonic Waves in Mining Application

This chapter is aimed to introduce ways of beneficiation from ultrasonic waves in earth science, especially in mining practices. Since rocks are non-homogenous, elasto-plastic material, it has always been difficult to predict the behaviour of rock under any stress loaded environment. Unless removing uncertainties in the rock masses, designers can face to highly surprising and costly operational results in mining practices, so reducing the risk factor becomes vital element of underground constructions. To reduce risks may only be possible by knowing the surroundings where you work in very well. Sometimes it becomes costly to make the mining environment clear, so some practical methods have been trying to develop over years. One of them is acoustic methods based on the theory of elasticity. The elastic properties of substances are characterized by elastic module or constants that specify the relationship between stress and strain. The strains in a body are deformations, which produce restoring forces opposed to the stress. Tensile and compressive stresses give rise to longitudinal and volume strains, which are measured as unit changes in length and volume under pressure. Shear strains are measured by deformation angles. It is usually assumed that the strains are small and reversible, that is, a body resumes its original shape and size when the stresses are relieved. If the stress in an elastic medium is released suddenly, the condition of strain propagates within the medium as an elastic wave.

Analysis of quarry-blast-induced ground vibrations to mitigate their adverse effects on nearby structures

The Peak Particle Velocities (PPVs) were measured at several station points in the vicinity of a limestone quarry in Turkey, and a Scaled Distance (SD) value for each individual blast was calculated. A linear regression analysis was performed and results were plotted. An attenuation equation unique for the limestone quarry was statistically derived from the plotted graph, with an acceptable correlation coefficient. The safe charge weight per delay was calculated for given distances, based on the damage criteria developed by US Bureau of Mines (USBM), DIN 4150-3 and other international standards. A comparison was also performed between the predicted and measured PPV values to verify the accuracy of the attenuation equation.

Evaluation and monitoring an on-going landslide in volcanic sediments - a case study for an open pit mine, Turkey: Part 1

Abstract TKI (Turkish Coal Enterprises) has been operating an open pit lignite mine since late 1970s in a town called Çan which is situated in the north-west of Turkey. There is a ceramic factory, which is one of the biggest in Europe as far as capacity is concerned, operating very close to the lignite open pit mine. In 1999, a catastrophic earthquake demolished not only the cities and towns located on the Northern Anatolian fault zone but also triggered a landslide on the ceramic factory site benches of the Çan lignite open pit. The susceptibility of artificial slopes to failure during earthquakes is a wellknown event. This paper summarises geological, geomorphological and hydrological surveys of the area and the work done to define the slip surface by means of inclinometer surveys. Geotechnical parameters collected from all local geological formations were used later in the slope stability analysis. Details of the studies undertaken since the beginning of the landslide are given in this paper.