Dominique Annie Mongardien

RIN transfer in copumped Raman amplifiers using polarization-combined diodes

Pump-to-signal relative-intensity-noise (RIN) transfer in a forward-pumped Raman amplifier using polarization-combined diodes is measured and analyzed. For the first time, by means of experiment and simulations, we call attention to the impact of the polarized nature of stimulated Raman scattering on RIN transfer. We show that measuring the RIN at the output of a depolarized Raman pump and inserting this figure in the commonly used RIN transfer equation is not sufficient for good signal RIN prediction. Although depolarizing the Raman pump enables polarization-independent signal gain, proper modeling of RIN transfer should include the polarization dependence of the Raman effect and the polarization mode dispersion of the fiber.

Transmission of 2.6 Tb/s Using 100-Gb/s PDM-QPSK Paired With a Coherent Receiver Over a 401-km Unrepeatered Link

We demonstrate the transmission of 26 channels at 100 Gb/s (corresponding to a total capacity of 2.6 Tb/s) over a 401-km-long unrepeatered link with a spectral efficiency of 2 b/s/Hz. This is obtained thanks to the association of polarization-division-multiplexed quadrature phase-shift keying signals detected in a coherent receiver and an optimized amplification scheme, consisting in high-power booster and third-order remote optically pumped amplifier.

Influence of polarization on pump-signal RIN transfer and cross-phase modulation in copumped Raman amplifiers

Pump-to-signal relative intensity noise (RIN) transfer in copumped Raman amplifiers is analyzed. By means of simulations and experiments, the authors call attention to the impact of the polarized nature of stimulated Raman scattering on RIN transfer. Although depolarizing the Raman pump enables polarization-independent signal gain, the authors demonstrate that proper modeling of RIN transfer requires including the polarization dependence of the Raman effect and the polarization mode dispersion of the fiber. A second key phenomenon is emphasized. Besides the RIN transfer induced by Raman gain, pump RIN is also transferred to the signal via nonlinear gain. This phenomenon can be addressed as pump-signal cross-phase modulation since it essentially generates phase noise on the signal. For the first time, in this paper, a model of pump-to-signal RIN transfer that includes polarization and nonlinear gain is presented. The authors reveal the key influence of these factors that had been uncared for so far. Their analysis is supported by experimental data. Signal noise characteristics (RIN spectrum and high-resolution optical power spectrum) measured at the output of a copumped Raman amplifier were presented. The Raman pump is a pair of semiconductor diodes in the first two experiments and then a Raman fiber laser. For these two kinds of depolarized or unpolarized Raman pumps that are commonly used in the field, the authors emphasize the necessity of considering polarization for the good assessment of RIN transfer

8 Tb/s unrepeatered transmission of real-time processed 200 Gb/s PDM 16-QAM over 363 km

We present a 40 × 200 Gb/s unrepeatered transmission experiment of 4 b/s/Hz spectral efficiency over a record distance of 363 km applying co-Raman pumping at the transmitter and a ROPA with third-order Raman pumping at the receiver.

High capacity (64 × 43 Gb/s) unrepeatered transmission over 440 km

We describe a 64 × 43 Gb/s unrepeatered transmission experiment over 440 km of ultra-low loss fiber with third-order Raman pumping. We then compare coherent transmission at 40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s in unrepeatered conditions.

Noise induced by distributed Raman amplification in a forward-pumping scheme using FBG-stabilized diodes

Forward Raman amplification using FBG-stabilized diodes yields higher signal RIN than expected from the Raman-gain-mediated transfer function. We demonstrate that this extra noise originates from pump-signal nonlinear parametric interactions, even far from the phase-matching condition.

Record 505 km unrepeatered 4x43Gb/s APol-RZ-DPSK transmission

The alternate polarisation-RZ-DPSK modulation format extends the 43 Gb/s unrepeatered transmission distance to 505 km, with E-PSCF fibre, third-order Raman pumping and a remotely-pumped amplifier.

Ultra-long 610 km unrepeatered transmission of 100 Gb/s using single fibre configuration

We report a 100 Gb/s unrepeatered transmission over a record distance of 610 km using advanced technology such as PDM-RZ-BPSK modulation with coherent receiver and third-order Raman pumping while using the same single ultra-low loss fibre for both signal and pumps.

Managing Channels Add/Drop in Flexible Networks Based on Hybrid Raman/Erbium Amplified Spans

Optical power of one surviving channel among 32 has been measured at the output of three hybrid Raman/Erbium amplified spans. Raman pump tuning and constant gain EDFA allows to reduce power variation to 0.2dB.

15.4 Tb/s C-Band Only Unrepeatered Transmission of Real-Time Processed 200 Gb/s PDM-16 QAM over 355 km

We present a record 77 × 200 Gb/s, C-band only unrepeatered transmission experiment over 355 km, applying a booster at the transmitter side and a ROPA with third-order Raman pumping at the receiver end.