Donald G. Janelle

GLOBALIZATION AND RESEARCH ISSUES IN TRANSPORTATION.

This paper concentrates on the dualistic role of transportation as a proactive agent of globalization and as a beneficiary of its development. Surprisingly, transportation is possibly the least researched element in the complex of factors that foster a changing world economy. The goal is to suggest areas that require an informed social science perspective based on research that will enhance theoretical understandings and policy formulations. Beginning with a focus on changes in the nature of demand for transportation and its supply, the discussion considers issues relating to regional inequalities in accessibility, standardization for multimodal transport, and governance of global transportation. The vulnerability of transportdependent globalization, and the role of transportation in the dematerialization of society for sustainable development are also areas suggested for extended research.

The City around the Clock: Space—Time Patterns of Urban Ecological Structure:

The space—time diaries for more than 1500 respondents in Halifax, Canada are used to generate census-like data for spatial units at six different times during the day. A space—time factorial ecology reveals distinctive diurnal patterns in the citys social geography. Aside from illustrating temporal variations in traditional factors, such as status and family orientation, additional factors relating to activity patterns and their social settings are identified.

Measuring Human Extensibility in a Shrinking World.

Abstract The concepts of time-space convergence and human extensibility provide important insights relating the impacts of transportation and communications advances with the human organization of space. This paper explains these concepts and suggests how they may be used for structuring classroom projects.

Space-Time Constructs for Linking Information and Communication Technologies with Issues in Sustainable Transportation

This paper develops a conceptual framework for understanding the ways in which space‐adjusting technologies relate to socio‐economic patterns and processes, and it then explores some of the challenges that such a conceptualization poses for transportation research and planning. Special attention is given to a review of recent research on the integration of information and communication technologies within the transportation sector, concentrating on (1) the need to understand the underlying space–time dynamics of changes in mobility behaviour; (2) the role of information and communication technology adoptions in the structural transformation of cities and urban systems; and (3) the use of intelligent transport systems in facilitating efficient and sustainable mobility.

Accessibility in space and time: A theme in spatially integrated social science

The analysis of space and place has become an increasingly important component of social science research in the past two decades (Goodchild et al. 2000). This is mainly due to recent advances in spatial technologies (especially GIS), the availability of a massive amount of geocoded data, and the recognition that space can be a powerful integrating framework for social science disciplines. In light of the growing significance of space, location, and place in social science research, and based upon the vision that a spatial approach provides a compelling integrating framework for the social sciences, the Center for Spatially Integrated Social Science (CSISS) was established to develop unrestricted access to tools and perspectives that will advance the spatial analytic capabilities of researchers throughout the social sciences. 1 CSISS is funded by the National Science Foundation (USA) under its program of support for infrastructure in the social and behavioral sciences. It focuses on spatial analysis as an integrating force for the social sciences and seeks to achieve its goals through six interrelated programs: learning resources, workshops, best-practice publications, place-based search methodologies, software tools development, and a virtual community (e.g. Goodchild and Janelle 2003). These programs are informed by recent advances in spatial information science, and are designed to provide infrastructure to facilitate the national dissemination of spatial perspectives across the social science disciplines. The contributors of this special issue of the Journal of Geographical Systems were the instructors of the CSISS workshop on Accessibility in Space and Time: A GIS Approach, held at the Ohio State University in July 2002. As part of the CSISS program, the workshop is based upon the premise that concepts and methods for analyzing accessibility are essential for understanding many significant social, economic, and political issues (e.g., access to jobs, healthcare, transportation, and other public facilities for different 1 Details about CSISS programs and substantive collections of resources are available at

Spatial Thinking and Technologies in the Undergraduate Social Science Classroom

Spatial thinking and analysis have greatly enhanced social science research throughout the past century, but explicit practice of spatial thinking in undergraduate social science courses is still quite rare. New computer technology to handle spatial information offers exciting opportunities that have been discussed at recent NSF-sponsored SPACE workshops on spatial thinking in undergraduate education. The authors discuss insights and strategies that emerged from these workshops in the context of the literature on spatial thinking in education and contemporary cognitive and learning theories. Practical suggestions regarding specific pedagogic approaches and assessment strategies that are proving successful in enhancing social science education are reviewed.

Time-Space in Geography

This article reviews the development of time-space perspectives in geography and exposes linkages between these perspectives and societys prevailing technologies for travel and communication. Special attention is given to the role of information, computation, and visualization technologies that shape the research practices that advance the potential to understand social organization and human activity behavior in a time-space context.

Workshops and National Dissemination of Geographic Analysis in the Social Sciences: the CSISS Experience in the USA

Geographic tools for the analysis of spatially referenced information now serve the research needs for a broad range of academic disciplines and public purposes. Nonetheless, the diffusion of spatial technologies into the curricula of most disciplines remains limited. This article reviews initiatives of the Center for Spatially Integrated Social Science (CSISS) to address this problem through a programme of national dissemination in the United States. The experiences of its Spatial Perspectives on Analysis for Curriculum Enhancement (SPACE) programme are probed for guidelines on structuring workshops to serve undergraduate instructors in their efforts to advance spatial thinking in the social sciences.

Space-adjusting technologies and the social ecologies of place: review and research agenda

This paper reviews research on how new forms of transportation and information and communication technology (ICT) facilitate changes in daily individual activity patterns and, as a result, the social ecologies of urban environments. Prior attempts to map and describe the space–time social ecologies of place are based on activity diaries for representative samples of urban residents. Geo-referencing information and location technologies embedded within ICT are seen as increasingly central to transformations in urban social ecologies, affording new forms of human activity behavior. Incorporation of geo-enabled ICT provides a research agenda for geographical information science (GIS) to develop concepts and tools for documenting and mapping indicators of the ongoing reorganization in the space–time social ecologies of cities and regions for purposes of exploratory research, diagnostic use, and policy evaluation.

Sustainable transportation and information technology: suggested research issues

This brief article questions the validity of the notion that transportation will give way to communication in ways that will positively affect patterns of development, transportation and environmental sustainability. The author examines working from home or from decentralized work centers via networked telephones and computers as a means of reducing environmental impact. He states that the impact on residential locations has not been determined. He questions whether fuel saved by not commuting will not be used for more travel for non- work purposes or by the need to heat and air condition homes for longer portions of the day.