Dong Ha Cho

Kaempferol and Kaempferol Rhamnosides with Depigmenting and Anti-Inflammatory Properties

The objective of this study was to examine the biological activity of kaempferol and its rhamnosides. We isolated kaempferol (1), α-rhamnoisorobin (2), afzelin (3), and kaempferitrin (4) as pure compounds by far-infrared (FIR) irradiation of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) leaves. The depigmenting and anti-inflammatory activity of the compounds was evaluated by analyzing their structure-activity relationships. The order of the inhibitory activity with regard to depigmentation and nitric oxide (NO) production was kaempferol (1) > α-rhamnoisorobin (2) > afzelin (3) > kaempferitrin (4). However, α-rhamnoisorobin (2) was more potent than kaempferol (1) in NF-κB-mediated luciferase assays. From these results, we conclude that the 3-hydroxyl group of kaempferol is an important pharmacophore and that additional rhamnose moieties affect the biological activity negatively.

Phenolic contents, antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibition properties of Nepalese strain buckwheat vegetables

3R&D Center, Amore Pacific Corporation, Yongin, 446-729. S. Korea. The sprouts, microgreens and leafy greens of common and tartary buckwheat of Nepalese strain were compared for the phenolic contents and biological activity. The tartary buckwheat samples expressed higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents compared to the common buckwheat. The sprouts had the highest total phenolic contents (9333.48 ± 150.23 and 6976.21 ± 213.65 mgGAE/100g dw in tartary and common buckwheat, respectively) whereas, the highest total flavonoid content was present in the leafy greens (7635.39 ± 141.40 and 4414.61 ± 70.85 mgRE/100g dw in tartary and common buckwheat respectively). The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results revealed that the tartary buckwheat vegetables had higher rutin, (3800.28 ± 434.41 mg/100g in leafy greens), quercetin (159.75 ± 9.04 mg/100g in sprouts) and chlorogenic acid (293.47 ± 65.06 mg/100g in microgreens) contents than those of common buckwheat. However, other phenolics like vitexin, isovitexin, orientin and isoorientin contents were more abundant in common buckwheat. In biochemical assay, all three types of vegetable of common and tartary buckwheat showed higher antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibition effect in dose dependent manner. Based on these results, it can be conformed that all the vegetables (microgreens, sprouts and leafy greens) of both varieties of buckwheat of Nepalese strains can be regarded as a potent sour ce of functional food.

Determination and Comparison of Seed Oil Triacylglycerol Composition of Various Soybeans (Glycine max (L.)) Using 1H-NMR Spectroscopy

Seed oil triacylglycerol (TAG) composition of 32 soybean varieties were determined and compared using 1H-NMR. The contents of linolenic (Ln), linoleic (L), and oleic (O) ranged from 10.7% to 19.3%, 37.4%–50.1%, and 15.7%–34.1%, respectively. As is evident, linoleic acid was the major fatty acid of soybean oil. Compositional differences among the varieties were observed. Natural oils containing unsaturated groups have been regarded as important nutrient and cosmetic ingredients because of their various biological activities. The TAG profiles of the soy bean oils could be useful for distinguishing the origin of seeds and controlling the quality of soybean oils. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in which the TAG composition of various soybean oils has been analyzed using the 1H-NMR method.

Super Fine Powderization of Korean Ginseng Using Low Temperature Turbo Mill

It is investigated whether ginseng can be milled into super fine powder below 50μm, changing the circumferential velocity of impeller of a turbo mill(100, 110 and 120m/s). The mean particle size is 113.3μm in control but is decreased abruptly into 11.9μm at 120m/s. The largest particle diameter at 97% of volume distribution is reduced into below 32μm at 120m/s from below 725μm at control. The particle size distribution between d(0.1) and d(0.9) is 334μm at control, but is decreased into less than 26μm in all conditions after milling. It shows that ginseng can be milled into super fine powder by the turbo mill, which has the narrow particle size distribution.

Physiological Characteristics of Kenaf(hibiscus Cannabinus L.)

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of growing period and cultivars on physiological characteristics and photosynthetic rates of kenaf in Cheorwon, Korea, The possibility of their utilization as forage plant was also discussed. A split plot design composing 3 growing periods (53, 84 and 115 days after sowing) and 3 cultivars (Dowling, Everglade-41 and Tainung-2) was applied for this experiment. Leaf photosynthetic rate was highest 28.6 in Everglade-41 at the beginning of August when solar irradiation was most intense. In the final biomass of kenaf, Dowing wa the highest among cultivars, with 534.6g/F.W./plant and 109.6g/D.W./plant, respectively. In addition, Dowling was the best in stem thickness among cultivars evaluated. Our results exhibited that all cultivars planted in Cheorwon exhibited decreased yield production compared to a previous report experimented in Jaeju. It may result that cultivation in Jaeju utilized wider planting space and longer cultivating time. In the basis of our data, it is suggest that extending cultivation time and using wider planting space should increase yield in Cheorwon with potential utilization of kanef as a forage crop.

Effect of Grinding and Extraction of Lignocellulosic Fiber on Oil Sorption

Cotton, a lignocellulosic fiber and environment friendly natural material, was tested for its ability to sorb diesel oil from the pure diesel oil bath and the diesel oil containing water bath. The fiber was ground to disrupt the lumen structure or extracted with diethyl ether to remove wax from cotton. Diethyl ether is an organic solvent and extracts only extractives in the cell wall. Oil sorption capacity was the highest in control as 30.6 g/g in the pure diesel oil bath, and the lowest in ground cotton as 0.8 g/g in the diesel oil containing water bath. Cotton is mainly composed of hydrophilic components and sorb water more easily than oil. As a result diesel oil sorption capacity was much higher in the oil bath than in the water bath. However, after grinding and passing through 20 mesh screen (0.86 cm), wax is preserved but the lumen structure of cotton, of which the fiber length is about 18 mm, is disrupted by grinding and can not hold oil. Therefore, the diesel oil sorption capacity of cotton was decreased significantly to 5.2 g/g in the pure diesel oil bath, and to 0.8 g/g in the water bath, compared to those of control. And because wax is removed but lumen structure is not destroyed after diethyl ether extraction, the diesel oil sorption capacity decreased slightly to 27.7 g/g in the oil bath and to 7.5 g/g in the water. When cotton was presoaked in water, cotton sank during the presoaking process, and so the oil sorption capacity could not be determined. Grinding, extractingand presoaking all contributed to the changes in oil sorption capacity. The most significant change is attributed to the reduction in the particle size of cotton.

Enhancement of ginsenoside compounds by far infrared irradiation in ultra fine powdered red ginseng(Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)

The effects of far infrared irradiation (FIR) on protopanaxatriol and propanaxadiol ginsenoside were investigated with ultrafine powdered red ginseng and compared with untreated sample. The study showed that FIR treatment increased the Rf, Rg2, and Rh1 production in a temperature dependent manner, but Rg1 and Re decreased with temperature. Similarly, Rg3, Rk1 and Rg5 increased with temperature. The maximum increase was observed at 215°C with 2.09, 4.67, 17.23 and 18.57 times for Rb3, Rg3, Rk1 and Rg5 respectively. Likewise, Rd and Rc also increased gradually with temperature. However, Rb1 showed negative effects with temperature, showing decreased activities with increasing temperature. Overall, this research is expected to be helpful in enhancing the bioactive ginsenoside in ultrafine powdered red ginseng by optimizing the FIR conditions.

Oil Removal Using Diethyl Ether Extracted and Ground Kenaf Core

Kenaf core was tested for its ability to sorb diesel oil from the pure diesel oil bath and the diesel oil containing water bath after extracting with diethyl ether to remove wax from fiber surface, grinding to disrupt lumen structure and presoaking in water. Oil sorption capacity was the highest as 8.0 g/g in diethyl ether extracted fiber in oil bath, and the lowest as 1.3 g/g in water soaked kenaf core in water bath. Diesel oil sorption capacity was much higher in oil bath than in water bath. In diethyl ether extraction the diesel oil sorption capacity was not changed much in kenaf core, compared to that of control. Also, even after grinding and passing through 20 mesh screen (0.86mm) the diesel oil sorption capacity was almost same. When kenaf core was presoaked in water the oil sorption capacity was decreased to about half of control as 1.3g/g in water bath. Grinding, extracting and water presoaking all contributed to the changes in oil sorption capacity. The results show that if in lignocelluloscic fiber like kenaf core the fiber structure is not disrupted during processing and the intact lumen structure can be kept, the oil sorption capacity may not be affected much by physical and chemical changes.