Dono Indarto

Combination of high dose of metformin and low dose of cisplatin increases apoptosis in cervical cancer cells line

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignancies worldwide including Indonesia which leads to high morbidity and mortality rate. Cisplatin is the first line chemotherapy for treating cervical cancer, but its use is limited because of serious side effects. Our previous study showed that metformin enhanced the anti-proliferative effect of cisplatin in cervical cancer cell line (HeLa). This study aimed to investigate whether or not HeLa cells treated with metformin and cisplatin enhances cell apoptosis. Methods: HeLa cells were cultured with DMEM medium for 24 hours and then treated with either 60 mM metformin, 40 μM cisplatin, a combination of 30 mM metformin and 6.25 μM cisplatin or 7.5 mM metformin and 12.5 μM cisplatin for 48 hours. Apoptotic and necrotic cells were measured using flow cytometer. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test, and the significant value was set up at p < 0.05. Results: As compared to control group, HeLa cells treated with 30 mM metformin and 6.25 μM cisplatin had higher apoptosis than cells treated with 7.5 mM metformin and 12.5 μM cisplatin. However, apoptosis induction by metformin and cisplatin combination was much lower than that of 60 mM metformin or 40 μM cisplatin alone. Conclusion: In conclusion, administration of 30 mM metformin and 6.25 μM cisplatin induces higher apoptosis than that of 7.5 mM metformin and 12.5 μM cisplatin in HeLa cells.

Maternal Employment Status, Ethnicity, Food Intake, and Their Effects on Teenage Obesity, in Surakarta

Background: Obesity is one of the main causesof premature death in adulthood. The prevalence of teenage obesity in Indonesia hasbeen increasing from 1.4% in 2007 to 7.3%. It is hypothesized that the risk of obesity is influenced by lifestyle and socio-economic status. This study aimed to determine the effect of maternal job status, ethnicity, and food intake, on the risk of obesity in teenagers.Subjects and Method: This was an analytical observational using case-control design. This study was conducted in Surakarta, in September – November 2016. A total of 120 teenagers were selected for the study, consisting of 41obese teenagers aged 16-18 years old and 79 normal weight teenagers, using fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was obesity. The independent variables were maternal employment status, ethnicity, carbohydrate intake, fat intake, and energy intake. The data were collected using a set of questionnaires. Food intake was measured by 24 hour food recall. The data were analyzed using path analysis model.Results: Energy intake had positive, significant, and direct effect on the risk of teenage obesity (b = 6.75; 95%CI = 4.36 to 9.14; p = <0.001). Working mother indirectly had positive and significant effect on teenage obesity, via fat intake (b=0.77; 95% CI = 0.03 to 1.52; p=0.040). Fat intake indirectly had positive and significant effect on teenage obesity, via energy intake (b=4.16; 95%CI=1.95 to 6.38; p=0.001). Likewise, carbohydrateintake had positive and significant effect on teenage obesity, via energy intake(b = 3.31; 95% CI= 1.73 to 4.88; p = 0.001). Ethnicity (Chinese versus Javanese) did not have significant effect on teenage obesity (b =-1.14; 95% CI =-3.56 to 1.28; p = 0.355).Conclusion: Energy intake has direct effect on the risk of teenage obesity. Fat intake, carbohydrate intake, and maternal employment status, have indirect effect on the risk of teenage obesity.Keywords: maternal employment status, ethnicity,food intake, obesity, teenager.Correspondence: Rahmah Purwaningsih Febri Susanti. Master Program in Public Health Sebelas Maret University. Email: rahmahpfs77@gmail.comJournal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2016), 1(2): 75-85https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2016.01.02.01