Dorothy Moses Schulz

Women Police Chiefs: A Statistical Profile

The goal of this study was to identify women chiefs of police, women sheriffs, and women in federal law enforcement at the rank of special agent in charge or above to establish a demographic profile of the women, to learn what types of agencies they led, and to discover whether there were any discernable pat-terns in their career paths to top leadership positions. Once the women were identified, each was asked to respond to an anonymous questionnaire com-posed of open- and closed-ended questions. Part of a larger study, this report analyzes responses solely from the chiefs of police and provides a unique “collective snapshot” of the women who have successfully reached chief executive office level in police departments throughout the United States.

Women Special Agents in Charge: the first generation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide findings of an exploratory study of Special Agents in Charge (SACs) in a variety of federal law enforcement agencies and presents summary descriptions, including demographics and career paths of female agents.Design/methodology/approach – Incumbent SACs, reached with assistance from law enforcement organizations and through snowball techniques, anonymously completed questionnaires that were mailed to each individually. This methodology provided a snapshot in time of the first generation of women to have reached the rank of SAC.Findings – The findings suggest that women are moving up the ranks of federal agencies even while their overall percentages of employment have become somewhat static. Regardless of type or size of federal agency, there are a number of common career paths and the ages and racial demographics of the women are also similar across agencies.Practical implications – As federal agency recruitment of women seems to have stagnated, a portrait...

Of All the Joints, She Walks Into This One: Career Motivations of Women Corrections Executives:

While the number of female corrections executives is small, there is evidence that those moving up the ranks in this highly male-dominated field continue to grow. The present study, conducted with support from the Association of Women Executives in Corrections (AWEC), found that 18% of state corrections agencies were led by women. While women corrections executives’ motivations for entering the field were diverse, they centered primarily on pay and benefits. Notably, most women executives entered the corrections field unexpectedly and found they had an instant attraction to the work and did not regret their decision to stay.

Women Wardens and Correction Executives: Paths to Leadership

ABSTRACT Due to their small numbers, women in executive level positions in corrections have rarely had an opportunity to discuss their motivations for seeking upward mobility in a male-dominated profession. This article describes whether their career paths were through custodial or non-custodial ranks, and how that influenced later choices and their ability to reach the executive-level. Based on surveys/interviews with members of the Association of Women Executives in Corrections, this study uncovered several factors contributing to their successes. Most notably, correction departments allow both custodial and non-custodial paths to promotion. By coming from the non-custodial ranks and sometimes delaying promotion, particularly for work/life balance, they were able to overcome career/personal challenges to achieve leadership positions in a variety of correction settings/institutions.

Video Surveillance Uses by Rail Transit Agencies

The purpose of this synthesis was to document the current use of electronic video surveillance technology solely by passenger rail agencies, considering the totality of its use and including onboard railcars, as well as its right-of-way. It was accomplished by means of a literature review, transit agency survey, and case studies. Results describe administrative policies in place surrounding the monitoring of video images either in real time or for post-event analysis, policies surrounding archiving and storing images and employee access to them, other public agencies (primarily police) and the general public, as well as funding sources for installation of new or upgrading of existing video surveillance systems. Forty-three completed surveys were received from 58 rail transit agencies, a response ratio of 73%. Five case studies across a geographic range of locations (California, Arizona, Texas, Minnesota, and Pennsylvania) offer additional details on a variety of modes, different security configurations (transit police or reliance on local agencies), and systems upgrades to include technologies that other agencies are likely to be considering, including lessons learned.

Bridging Boundaries: United States Policewomen's Efforts to Form an International Network

This paper focuses on the history and evolution of the International Association of Policewomen and its successor group, the International Association of Women Police (IAWP), in their continuing efforts to form an international network of policewomen beginning in 1915. Both groups sought to reinforce the specialist role that women initially played in policing. These attempts to form an international network are intertwined with the changing role of policewomen from social work to a more purely police orientation, particularly in the United States. With the 1996 conference, attended by 600 delegates from 42 nations, the IAWP has achieved true international status but may now be obliged to recognise that complete integration of women into the police chain of command may not be the aim of women from countries that retain a more traditional view of the womans sphere as centring around crimes involving women, children and domestic matters. Issues for future consideration are also raised in this paper.