Duncan Chappell

Medical Fraud and Abuse: Australia, Canada, and the United States

Criminologists have paid scant attention to the issue of crime and abuse in the field of the delivery of health care by physicians. However, largely because of the escalating costs of such services in recent years, government officials and academics have begun to examine this form of white-collar crime. The present paper explores the extent of violations by physicians in the course of their involvement in health benefit programs in Australia, Canada, and the United States. Despite differences in the structure of their programs, the three countries appear to demonstrate similar patterns of offenses, though the precise extent of such violations remains largely a matter of speculation. Similar enforcement problems are also found in each of the countries examined. In Canada, unlike Australia and the United States, control of the definition of violations by the medical associations appears to be responsible for a lesser number of prosecutions and a lesser degree of public concern.

Law Reform, Social Policy, and Criminal Sexual Violence: Current Canadian Responses

I was not surprised to find very little research and only a handful of published articles dealing with human sexuality in Canada. We had relied almost completely on the Arnerican output of books, booklets and research. . , . Canada is still conservative in the open discussion of many of the critical issues dealing with sexuality. This may not be a negative aspect but rather a cautious positive aspect of our country.’