Duran Altiparmak

Effect of fuel cetane number and injection pressure on a DI Diesel engine performance and emissions

In this experimental study, the effects of different fuel cetane numbers (CNs) and fuel injection pressures on a Diesel engine emission and on the performance were investigated. For this purpose, the fuels with 46, 51, 54.5 and 61.5 CN were tested in a four cycle, four cylinder DI Diesel engine. Measurements were conducted for each of the injection pressures 100, 150, 200 and 250 bar. Keeping 150 bar injection pressure and the other parameters constant, the changes of engine performance for the different CNs were also tested at full load condition. The results showed that NOx, SO2 and CO emissions are reduced about 15% and 5%, respectively, when the fuel CN is increased for the standard injection pressure, but the smoke value is increased dramatically when the injection pressure is reduced to 100 bar. In contrast with the lower pressure, NOx is increased and smoke is decreased when the injection pressure is increased to 250 bar. Increases in engine torque by 5% and power output by 4% were observed at the maximum torque speed of 2500 min−1 when the CN is increased from 46 to 54.5. However, when increasing CN above 54.5, no significant increases in engine performance were observed.

Improvement of Diesel fuel properties by using additives

Abstract In this study, organic compounds of Mn, Mg, Cu and Ca metals were synthesized, and their solutions were used as Diesel fuel additives. The additives that achieved the greatest decrease in freezing point of Diesel fuel, its optimum rate of dosage and other performance effects were tested. The results showed that the organic based manganese gave the greatest decrease in freezing point. This additive reduced the freezing point to 12.4°C at the rate of dosage of 54.2 μ mol Mn/l Diesel fuel. It was established that the cetane number of Diesel fuel without the additive was 46.22, whereas the cetane number was 48.24 for Diesel fuel with the optimum amount of dosage. It was observed that the organic based manganese drops the viscosity and flash point and improves the contents of the exhaust gases.

Influence of tall oil biodiesel with Mg and Mo based fuel additives on diesel engine performance and emission.

The purpose of this study is to investigate influences of tall oil biodiesel with Mg and Mo based fuel additives on diesel engine performance and emission. Tall oil resinic acids were reacted with MgO and MoO(2) stoichiometrically for the production of metal-based fuel additives (combustion catalysts). The metal-based additives were added into tall oil biodiesel (B60) at the rate of 4 micromol/l, 8 micromol/l and 12 micromol/l for preparing test fuels. In general, both of the metal-based additives improved flash point, pour point and viscosity of the biodiesel fuel, depending on the rate of additives. A single cylinder DI diesel engine was used in the tests. Engine performance values did not change significantly with biodiesel fuels, but exhaust emission profile was improved. CO emissions and smoke opacity decreased by 56.42% and by 30.43%, respectively. In general, low NO(x) and CO(2) emissions were measured with the biodiesel fuels.

Development and testing of a prototype of absorption heat pump system operated by solar energy

Abstract In this study, a prototype of an aqua–ammonia absorption heat pump system (AHP) using solar energy was investigated. The performance tests of the system were performed for the climate condition of Ankara in Turkey. The system has been designed operating with a parabolic slote type collector to obtain the required temperatures. In the experiments, high temperature water obtained from the collector was used as heat source needed for the generator. The system design configuration was analysed by using the experimental data. The effect of irreversibilities in thermal process on the system performance in AHP were determined. Thermodynamic analysis shows that both losses and irreversibility have an impact on absorption system performance. The study indicates which components in the system need to be improved thermally. This study will contribute the development of the system for the future use of solar-powered food preservation and commercial air conditioning.

The Investigation of Performance and Emissions Characteristics of Tall Oil Biodiesel With a Co-based Additive

Abstract In this study, the effects of tall oil biodiesel with cobalt (Co)-based additive on engine performance and exhaust emissions have been experimentally investigated. Co-based additive at the rate of 4, 8, and 12 μmol/l was added to mixtures of 60% tall oil methyl ester and 40% diesel fuel (T60). The engine tests were performed at full load condition in a single-cylinder diesel engine. Biodiesel fuels had no noteworthy influence on engine torque and the power output values. Catalyst effects of Co-based additive improved specific fuel consumption values, CO emissions, and smoke emissions. On the other hand, higher NOx emissions were measured at low engine speed.

Construction and Testing of Ultrasound Broadband Transducers for Blood Flow Sensing

Ultrasound pulsed transducers are very important for blood flow measurement and imaging. Ultrasound pulsed transducers are broadband transducers which require relatively heavy external damping to achieve a good axial resolution and an adequately wide bandwidth. In this work, using a simple RLC circuit model, broadband transducers were constructed and tested. The results are quite applicable for pulsed Doppler blood flow measurements.

Effects of fly ash content on the friction-wear performance of bronze-based brake lining materials produced by the hot-pressing method

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of fly ash content on the friction–wear performance of bronze-based brake lining material. Design/methodology/approach – In this study, bronze-based brake linings containing 0-12 weight per cent fly ash were produced by the hot-pressing process. The friction-wear properties of the unreinforced bronze matrix brake lining material and fly ash reinforced samples were investigated using a Chase-type friction tester. The hardness and density of the samples were also determined. The microstructures and friction surfaces of the samples were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Findings – The experimental results showed that the fly ash content significantly affects the friction-wear properties of the brake lining material. It was found that the friction coefficient increases with the increase in the fly ash content for the brake lining materials studied. Moreover, the mass losses in the wear test were lower for the brake linings containing ...

TALL YAĞI BİYODİZELİNİN DİZEL YAKITI İLE %90 ORANINDAKİ KARIŞIMININ ALTERNATİF DİZEL YAKITI OLARAK İNCELENMESİ

Bu calismada, kagit fabrikalarinda uretim esnasinda yan urun olarak ortaya cikan tall yagindan biyodizel uretimive bunun motor performans ve emisyonuna etkisi arastirilmistir. Buyuk oranda recine ve yag asitlerinden olusanham tall yagi distilasyon yontemi ile recine ve yag asitlerine ayrilmistir. Tall yagi yag asitlerinden metil ester(Biyodizel) uretilip, fiziksel ve kimyasal ozellikleri belirlenmistir. Uretilen tall yagi biyodizelinin dizel yakiti ile%90 oranindaki karisimi tek silindirli direkt puskurtmeli bir dizel motorunda tam yuk sartlarinda 1800-3200devir/dakika araliginda performans ve emisyon testine tabii tutulmustur. Dizel yakiti degerlerine gore, karisimyakitin tork ve guc degerlerinde sirasiyla %2,99 ve %2,94’e varan oranlar da azalmalar gorulmustur. Karisimyakit ile motorun ozgul yakit tuketimi degerleri ortalama %7,63 oraninda artis gostermistir. Karisim yakitinkullanimi ile CO emisyonu degerlerinde %35,44’e kadar, duman emisyonlarinda ise %13,27’ye kadar varanazalmalar tespit edilmistir. Ayrica, NOx emisyonlarinda %13,29 oranina varan artislar gorulmustur.