Dyah Rini Indriyanti

Effectiveness of Metarhizium anisopliae and Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Control Oryctes rhinoceros Larvae in the Rainy Season

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Metarhizium anisopliae (MET) and entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) are microorganisms that attack the larvae of Oryctes rhinoceros. The effects of MET, EPN and the combination of both on the O. rhinoceros larvae were studied during the rainy season in Jepara Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Metarhizium anisopliae and entomopathogenic nematodes to control Oryctes rhinoceros larvae in the rainy season. MATERIALS AND METHODS There were four level doses of MET, four level doses of EPN and four mixture of MET and EPN. The experiment used 72 containers that were placed in the garden with coconut palm shade. Five kilograms of organic soil that was mixed with biological control agents (MET, EPN and MET+EPN) and ten O. rhinoceros larvae 3rd instar were put in each other container. The data were analyzed by descriptive analysis. RESULTS Every larvae mortality was observed once a week and observations are for 8 weeks. The result showed that the larval mortality due to MET treatment occurred on 2nd-7th week. Meanwhile, the larval mortality due to EPN treatment took place on 2nd-8th weeks and the larval mortality due to MET+EPN treatment occurred on 1st-5th weeks. CONCLUSION The combination of MET and EPN was simultaneously effective to control O. rhinoceros larvae than separate use of MET or EPN. Result of this study showed that using two agents of biocontrol was more effective, so that it can be beneficial for controlling O. rhinoceros larvae in the field.

INTENSITAS SERANGAN ORYCTES RHINOCEROS PADA TANAMAN KELAPA DI JEPARA

Salah satu jenis hama yang biasa menyerang tanaman kelapa adalah O.rhinoceros . Desa yang mengalami serangan hama ini adalah Desa Jerukwangi,Bondo, dan Tubanan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui kondisi areal pertanaman kelapa, intensitas kerusakan kelapa akibat serangan O. rhinoceros dan hasil monitoring O. rhinoceros . Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksplorasi dengan metode survei dan wawancara petani pemilik tanaman kelapa. Jumlah petani sampel sebanyak 10 orang tiap desa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kondisi lahan pertanaman kelapa masih belum terpelihara dengan baik. Persentse intensitas kerusakan kelapa akibat serangan O. rhinoceros di Desa Bondo (71%), Desa Jerukwangi (64%), dan Desa Tubanan (28%). Hasil monitoring O. rhinoceros yang tertangkap di Desa Jerukwangi menunjukkan masih terdapat potensi serangan dari hama ini, sehingga perlu waspada.

PERBANYAKAN NEMATODA ENTOMOPATOGEN (NEP) PADA BERBAGAI MEDIA BUATAN ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES (ENPS) REARING ON VARIOUS ARTIFICIAL CULTURE MEDIA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil perkembangbiakan nematoda entomopatogen pada berbagai media buatan. Desain penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap, tujuh perlakuan dan lima ulangan. Tujuh perlakuan media yaitu media A(tepung kedelai), B (hati ayam), C (dog food), D (campuran hati ayam dan tepung kedelai 1:1), E (campuran tepung kedelai dan dog food 1:1), F (hati ayam dan dog food 1:1) dan G (campuran tepung kedelai, hati ayam dan dog food 1:0,5:0,5). Sebanyak 1,2 x 10 JI/ml di biakkan pada setiap media rearing selama empat minggu. Populasi NEP diamati setiap minggu. Hasil menunjukkan media terbaik untuk perbanyakan NEP adalah media E (campuran tepung kedelai dan dog food) dengan populasi tertinggi 3,5 x 10 3 JI/ml. media E mengandung karbohidrat 1,27%, protein 1,52% dan lipid 1,09%.

KETERTARIKAN LALAT BUAH BACTROCERA PADA EKSTRAK OLAHAN LIMBAH KAKAO BERPENGAWET

Lalat buah Bactrocera spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) merupakan salah satu hama pen ting menyerang tanaman buah-buahan dan sayuran. B. carambolae di laboratorium tertarik pada olahan limbah kakao. Hasil uji coba di lapangan belum memuaskan karena olahan limbah kakao mudah rusak. Tujuan penelitian ini mengkaji respon lalat buah Bactrocera yang diberi umpan ekstrak olahan limbah kakao berpenga wet. Pengawet yang digunakan yakni: Natrium klorida (NaCl), Natrium benzoat (C7H5NaO2) dan Potasium sorbat (C6H7KO2). Konsentrasi yang dipakai masing-masing pengawet 0,1%; 0,2% dan 0,3%. Pengamatan dilakukan selama satu ming gu. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa daya tahan limbah yang diberi penga wet dan yang tidak dilihat secara secara fisik (warna dan tekstur) tidak berbeda nyata, namun ada perbedaan bau. Limbah yang tidak diberi pengawet ada kecen derungan baunya tidak sedap dibanding yang diberi pengawet. Hal ini yang mempengaruhi ketertarikan lalat terhadap olahan limbah kakao. Respon ketertarikan lalat Bactrocera terhadap olahan limbah kakao yang diberi pengawet berbeda antara satu dengan yang lain. Respon ketertarikan tertinggi Bactrocera cenderung pada olahan limbah kakao yang diberi pengawet Natrium klorida 0,3%, Potasium sorbat 0,2% dan Natrium benzoat 0,1%. The fruit fly Bactrocera spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) is one of the important pests attacking crops of fruits and vegetables. In the laboratory, B. carambolae was attracted by the processed cocoa waste. The results of field trials have not been satisfactory yet, because the processed cocoa waste was easily damaged. The purpose of the study wast to examine the response of Bactrocera to the bait made of processed cocoa extract waste containing preservatives. The preservatives used were: Sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium benzoate (C7H5NaO2) and potassium sorbate (C6H7KO2). The concentration of each preservative was 0.1%; 0.2% and 0.3%. A one-week observation was made. The result showed that there was no significant difference on the durability of the preserved waste and the non-preserved waste. This can be seen from the physical properties (color and texture). However, there was difference in odor. The non-preserved waste tended to produce unpleasant smell than the preserved waste. This odor affected the capability to attract the flies to the processed cocoa waste. The Bactrocera was highly responsive to the waste containing preservative 0.3% sodium chloride, followed by 0.2% potassium sorbate and 0.1% sodium benzoate.