E. Acerbi

Production of 123I for medical purposes at the Milan AVF cyclotron

Abstract A method is described for the production of large quantities of 123 I by exciting a ( p , 2 n ) reaction on enriched 124 Te targets. Results are presented for the relevant excitation functions. The irradiation technique and the chemical processes used in the separation of 123 I and the recovery of the target material are described in some detail.

The Milan Superconducting Cyclotron Project

Design work on a superconducting cyclotron started in Milan in 1975, and a detailed analysis of 1all major aspects of theproject was completed in 1976 . Meanwhile a 1:6 scale superconducting model magnet was built and successfully operated toward the end of 19772. Lack of funding prevented the continuation of the project in the following years, till about fall 1980. In recent months the Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics (I.N.F.N.) has authorized and funded the construction of the machine, which is now underway at the University of Milan. The machine design has considerably evolved in the past year or so, both in terms of expected performances and engineering aspects. It is the purpose of this paper to rewiew the main characteristics of the accelerator and to update the status of the project.

Model Magnet for the Proposed Superconducting Cyclotron at the University of Milan

A project for a superconducting cyclotron for heavy ions has been under study for a couple of years at the Cyclotron Laboratory of the University of Milan. The machine is conceived as a booster for a 16 MV Tandem to be installed at the Laboratories of Legnaro (Padua) of the Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN). The K design value is approximately 540, thus allowing maximum energies between approximately 55 MeV/nucleon and approximately 14 MeV/nucleon for light and heavy ions respectively. Pole diameter is 1.8 m and maximum average field should be around 41 Kgauss, to be obtained by a total of 6.5 x 10/sup 6/ Aturns in the superconducting coils. At present a three spiral sector polar configuration is envisaged, with a 7 cm hill gap and 70 cm valley gap. Three dees, in the valleys, should provide a peak accelerating voltage of 100 kV, allowing a 3rd or 9th harmonic operation. While funding for the machine is still under discussion, a program centered upon the construction of a superconducting model magnet and a full scale rf model was started in 1976. The design features of the model magnet, whose construction is now completed, are reported.

Model Studies for the Superconducting Cyclotron Project in Milan

of the project was completed in June 1976. In the meantime it was also decided that,pending approval and funding of the project, a model construction program would be helpful for i) getting the group acquainted with the problems connected with such a sophisticated machine, especially cryogenics and superconducting coil technology, ii) checking the theoretical calculations used for assessing magnetic fields and R.F. properties, and iii) ultimately reducing the time needed to build the machine in the near future.

Beam Extraction Studies for the Proposed Superconducting Cyclotron at the University of Milan

The preliminary extraction scheme described here does not seem, in principle, to offer any major obstacles. Further development should go towards: i) minimizing the problem of adapting the contour of deflectors to the trajectories of different ions, given the rather different orbits scalloping at high and low magnetic fields. ii) minimize the range of movements required for the extraction elements. iii) verify the possihility of insertiont of a third deflector, iiii) verify the possibility of an essentially constant,fixed, gradient for the magnetic channel, in which case a passive channel could be adopted. Work on these issues is in progress, and will be completed as soon as magnetic field data from the 1:6 scale model are available.

Acceleration of H- Ions and Extracted Beam Measurements in the Milan Cyclotron (+)

The characteristics of the proton beam extracted from the Milan AVF cyclotron by H- ion stripping have been studied. Quality and phase measurements were made in an external beam which was obtained without any geometrical definition of the internal H- beam path.

Recent Developments in the Production of I123 at the Milan AVF Cyclotron

In this paper we report on recent results obtained at the Milan AVF Cyclotron in the production and use of I123.

Status of the Milan Superconducting Cyclotron Project

This paper presents an updated status report on the Superconducting Cyclotron, under construction at the University of Milan during the past two years, with funding chiefly provided by the Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics. The cyclotron is designed for a K of 800 and a K /SUB FOC/ of 200 and thus yields maximum energies of 100 MeV/n for fully stripped light ions and 20 MeV/n for uranium and other heavy ions. The pole radius is 90 cm with three sectors having an average spiral constant of 1/45.7 rad/cm. The average magnetic field will span between 22 and 48 K Gauss with a corresponding R.F. frequency range between 15 and 48 MHz. The anticipated peak dee voltage is 100 KV with harmonic operation from h = 1 to h = 4. The operating modes include the use of an internal PIG source, injection from a 16 MV tandem, and axial injection from an external ion source. This paper presents the design parameters and outlines the progress made so far.