E. Caierão

Yield and nutritive value of dual purpose winter cereals: green forage, silage or grain.

This study was carried out to evaluate 14 genotypes of six winter species for yield and nutritive value of early forage and silage or regrowth grain. The experiment was in a randomized complete block design with three replications, so that the plots consisted of seven 5.0 m-long rows spaced at 0.2 m. The seeding date was April in the three study years and fertilization followed the recommendations for the crops. During the tillering period and after cutting, urea was applied at the rate of 22.5 kg N/ha. Each plot was cut at a height of 7.0 cm from the soil to estimate the forage yield per genotype, when plants reached 30 cm height. Half the regrowth of each plot was used for silage and half for grain. Harvesting for silage was at the dough stage, from 30 to 35% DM. Nutritive value analyses were made using the near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technique. Rye BRS Serrano was superior for green forage, silage, and total forage yield (green forage + silage) and regrowth grain yield. However, for grain yield, BRS Serrano rye was similar to BRS 277 wheat, BRS 148 and BRS 203 triticales, UPF 18 oats, and BR 1 rye. It is possible to obtain early forage using genotypes of rye, wheat, barley, and triticale, producing equivalent forage yields to those obtained with black oats pasture. Embrapa 53 triticale and UPF 18 oats yielded more digestible green forage, but the silages had digestibility similar to barley silage.

Desempenho agronômico de trigo cultivado para grãos e duplo propósito em sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade e os componentes de producao de trigo cultivado para graos e duplo proposito em sistemas de integracao lavoura-pecuaria (ILP), em plantio direto. A produtividade de graos dos dois tipos de trigo e os componentes de producao do trigo para producao de graos foram avaliados nos anos agricolas de 2003 a 2008, em um Latossolo Vermelho distrofico tipico, em Coxilha, RS, nos sistemas de rotacao: 1, trigo/soja e ervilhaca/milho; 2, trigo/soja e pastagem de aveia-preta/milho; 3, trigo/soja e pastagem de aveia-preta/soja; 4, trigo/soja e ervilha/milho; 5, trigo/soja, triticale de duplo proposito/soja e ervilhaca/soja; e 6, trigo/soja, aveia-branca de duplo proposito/soja e trigo de duplo proposito/soja. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repeticoes. Nao houve diferenca entre as medias dos componentes de producao (numero de espigas, numero de graos por espiga e massa de graos) do trigo para producao de graos, nos diferentes sistemas ILP. Os sistemas 2, 3, 4 e 5 proporcionaram maior produtividade do trigo para graos em comparacao ao 6. Nao ha diferenca significativa na produtividade de graos, na massa hectolitrica e na massa de mil graos, entre os trigos cultivados para producao de graos e para duplo proposito.

BRS 374 - wheat cultivar

BRS 374 is a wheat cultivar developed by Embrapa. It resulted from a cross between the F1 generation of PF 88618/Coker80.33 and Frontana/Karl. BRS 374 belongs to the soft wheat class, has a low plant height, a high potential grain yield, and white flour.

Barley cultivar MN 698, high malting quality for the state of Rio Grande do Sul

MN 698 is a new cultivar developed by AmBev that resulted from a cross between the cultivars MN 599 and MN 635. MN 698 shows a grain yield potential higher than 4t ha-1, has early cycle and is moderately resistant to lodging. Its spike is uniform and produces around 20 grains well-distributed. MN 698 shows a medium tillering capacity (two to three per plant), and is characterized by the presence of anthocyanin in the culm basis, arists, and glumes. It is the national cultivar with the highest quality and represents an important advance for this cereal in Brazil, combining interests of both the producer and the industrial sector.

Parental selection of wheat lines based on phenotypic characterization and genetic diversity

Selecao de parentais e uma etapa importante no melhoramento e a variabilidade genetica aumenta as chances de obtencao de variância nas progenies. Os objetivos deste estudo foram fenotipar 29 genotipos de trigo e determinar a variabilidade genetica entre eles, visando identificar potenciais parentais para uso nos programas de melhoramento da Embrapa Trigo. Para a fenotipagem, caracteres estatura de planta, ciclo e caracteristicas dos graos foram avaliados e os dados analisados pela distância Euclidiana. A distância genetica foi estimada utilizando 97 marcadores moleculares microsatelites e os dados analisados pelo coeficiente Nei72. A distância media observada pela fenotipagem foi 10.1 e a distância genetica 31%. Os marcadores SSR foram eficientes na selecao de genotipos geneticamente diversos apesar da similaridade fenotipica a as linhagens PF 9027, PF 950351, PF 030132, PF 979002, PF 040488 e IWT 04019 podem ser utilizadas como parentais em cruzamentos induzidos considerando variabilidade genetica associada a caracteres agronomicos adequados.

Seleção indireta para o incremento do rendimento de grãos em aveia

Genetic breeding must become more and more efficient to support the expansion in oat cropping area and the industrial utilization of oat grains, originating more productive genotypes in a shorter period of time. One of the improvement strategies that may be used to optimize the identification of potentially high productive genotypes is the indirect selection, if conducted through a character of easy measurement and high correlation with final productivity. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of use of panicle weight factor as an indirect selection criterion to increment oat grain yield. Segregating populations were conducted in F2 and F3 generations and submitted to three selection environments. At each site, over the best performing populations, a randomized sampling of 10 panicles was made. The samples were weighed and classified as superior or inferior according to their weight, in function of the standart deviation from average. The response to the selection was evaluated in the following generation, through phenotypic variables (panicle weight and grain yield) and genetic parameters in the three selection environments. Panicles of superior weight originated also panicles of superior weight in the posterior generation in all three environments of selection. On the other hand, for the grain yield variable, the criterion of selection was effective in one environment only. The results demonstrated that indirect selection is a good selection tool for grain yield in oats, if carried out under responsive environments allowing the maximum expression of genotypes.

BRS Saturno triticale cultivar

The triticale cultivar BRS Saturno was developed by Embrapa (Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation) in partnership with the Fundacao Pro-Sementes de Apoio a Pesquisa. It is the result of a cross between the genotypes PFT 512 and CEP 28 Guara, adapted to the environmental conditions of cultivation in southern Brazil.

Resultados agronômicos e qualitativos da nova cultivar de cevada MN 743

Barley cultivar MN 743, developed by the Cia. Brasileira de Bebidas (AmBev) was released in 2004. It resulted from a simple cross between lines MN 681 x GIMPEL, made in 1992, in the Brahmas Experimental Field - Encruzilhada do Sul/RS. MN 743, a two-rowed type cultivar has early cicle and is broadly adapted to southern Brazil. Among the hight producing cultivars available, it shows higher kernel plumpness (first quality kernel). Over the years it was included in the VCU (cost and use value) trial, the cultivar has repeatedly showed competitive means in adjusted yield, as compared to the control occupying the largest cropped area in Brazil, MN 698. Regarding quality characteristics, it has an excellent performance as friability and diastasic power. The cultivar is recomended for all the states of southern Brasil. As a result of its oustanding quality performance, aiming at the brewing industry, MN 743 represents and important breeding step for this cereal in Brazil, combining the goals for both the producer and the industrial sector.

Número ideal de amostras para classificação comercial de cultivares de trigo no Brasil

The objective of this work was to estimate the optimal number of samples for commercial classification of wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) cultivars for gluten strength average, in the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Parana, the main wheat producing regions in Brazil. The alveography analysis results of grain samples, from competition assays of three wheat cultivars (up to 280 experiments in 11 years), were used. The optimal number of samples was estimated based on the properties of the mean sampling distribution by adaptation region, in the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Parana. The optimal number ranged from 13 to 22, 30 to 49, and 121 to 197 samples per state, respectively, for to error margin of 30, 20, and 10 gluten strength units (W), with minimum of 7, 16, and 63 samples per adaptation region and per state for error margin of 30, 20 and 10 W, respectively. The optimal number of samples for commercial classification of wheat cultivars, in the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Parana, is of at least 13 samples per state and of 7 samples per adaptation region and per state for error margin of 30 W, which are higher values than those used by breeders for classification.

Uso do germoplasma da Embrapa nos programas de melhoramento de trigo no Brasil

The wheat breeding program of Embrapa has an important role in the history of this cereal in Brazil, releasing more than one hundred new cultivars to different regions of the country in almost forty years of existence. However, is not possible assign its importance only to the number of cultivars, but also the impact of their germplasm in other brazilian wheat breeding programs. The objective of this study was to quantify the importance of Embrapas germplasm in the brazilian wheat breeding programs. Were analyzed the genealogies of all wheat cultivars indicated for growth since 2005 and 2012, by institution. During the study period, the average participation of Embrapas germplasm on cultivars of other institutions was 58.7%, with emphasis to Biotrigo Genetica, CCGL TEC and OR Melhoramento de Sementes Ltda, respectively, in which use was 100%, 97.5% and 87.7%.