Márcio Só e Silva

Adaptabilidade e estabilidade de genótipos de trigo irrigado no Cerrado do Brasil Central

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a adaptabilidade e estabilidade de genotipos de trigo irrigado, nas condicoes do Cerrado do Brasil Central. O rendimento de graos de cinco cultivares e nove linhagens de trigo irrigado foram aferidos no ensaio de valor de cultivo e uso. Os ensaios foram conduzidos nos anos de 2005 e 2006, em seis locais em Minas Gerais, tres em Goias e um no Distrito Federal. Os dados de rendimento de graos foram submetidos a analise de variância individual e a analise de variância conjunta, para a estimativa dos parâmetros de adaptabilidade e estabilidade. Verificaram-se diferencas significativas, entre os genotipos, em 14 dos 16 ambientes avaliados. Nenhum dos genotipos avaliados apresentou o comportamento ideal preconizado pelo metodo de Cruz e colaboradores. Destacaram-se a cultivar BRS 264 e a linhagem CPAC 02167, pela superioridade em todas as condicoes do Cerrado do Brasil Central (adaptabilidade geral). Entre os demais genotipos avaliados, destacaram-se as cultivares BRS 207 e EMBRAPA 22, responsivas a melhoria das condicoes ambientais, e as cultivares BRS 254 e EMBRAPA 42, pela adaptabilidade especifica a ambientes desfavoraveis ao cultivo de trigo irrigado.

BRS 374 - wheat cultivar

BRS 374 is a wheat cultivar developed by Embrapa. It resulted from a cross between the F1 generation of PF 88618/Coker80.33 and Frontana/Karl. BRS 374 belongs to the soft wheat class, has a low plant height, a high potential grain yield, and white flour.

Cevada BR 2: cultivar de cevada cervejeira resistente à mancha-reticular causada por Pyrenophora teres

Barley cultivar BR 2 developed by the Embrapa-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Trigo (CNPT) was released in 1989. BR 2 traces back to seven plants selected in the F3 from the cross FM 424/TR 206 made in Passo Fundo, RS, in 1979. BR 2 is a two row spring barley with wide adaptation, earliness and short straw. It is the first Brazilian cultivar resistant to Pyrenophora teres, causal agent of net blotch, a major barley disease in Brazil. In eight years of yield testing in the National Barley Trial in twelve locations of Southern Brazil, BR 2 yielded between 1,621and 4,014 kg/ha of plump kernels, with 3%, 13% and 6% yield increase over the check cultivar Antarctica 05 in the States of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, Parana and in the mean of 96 trials, respectively. On the farm fields, BR 2 has yielded over 5,000 kg/ha. Since its approval as a malting barley in 1992, it has been widely used, taking up 30% in 1993 and 90% in 1997 of the area sown. Barley BR 2 represents a cornerstone in the history of barley breeding in Brazil and is making a significant contribution to the competitiveness of the domestic barley production.

Precisão experimental de ensaios de trigo analisados pelo método de Papadakis

The aim of this research was to verify whether the use of wheat yield trials results analysis, using the Papadakis method, modifies the assumptions of the mathematical model and indicators of experimental precision. Wheat productivity data, 2008 to 2011 years, obtained from 48 cultivar yield trials under randomized block design were considered. In each trial, either with or without the use of the Papadakis method, the assumptions, analysis of variance and hypothesis tests were verified as well as the calculations to identify the experimental precision. The assumptions were not violated by both methods (with or without de Papadakis method). With the Papadakis method (neighboring plots) the differentiation of the Fasoulas index increased, 29.7 compared to 15.5 without the use of the method, and the selective accuracy, 0.95 against 0.90 without the method. Trials using three replications when analysed by the Papadakis method allowed to identify superior bean varieties with 90% precision. In order to maintain the same precision (90%), six replications would be necessary without the Papadakis method.

Atividade isoenzimática em plantas de trigo infectadas com o vírus SBWMV

O objetivo deste trabalho foi elucidar a atividade e a expressao isoenzimatica das esterases, das peroxidases e das aspartato aminotransferases em funcao da infeccao de plantas de trigo pelo Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV). Foram analisadas, aos 45 dias apos a emergencia, quatro cultivares e uma linhagem de trigo, com diferentes niveis de resistencia ao SBWMV: BRS Guabiju, BRS 194, BRS 179, BR 23 e PF 980524. De modo geral, ocorreram diferencas qualitativas e quantitativas intra e interpopulacional, quando comparadas plantas assintomaticas e sintomaticas ao SBWMV. Para o sistema esterase, nove padroes de bandas foram determinados e para peroxidase e aspartato aminotransferase foram detectados tres padroes de bandas, para ambas as condicoes. Padroes eletroforeticos foram observados para plantas infectadas, quando comparadas com as nao infectadas, destacando-se a atividade da esterase, o que permitiu identificar com maior precisao o estado metabolico e diferenciado das celulas.

BRS Saturno triticale cultivar

The triticale cultivar BRS Saturno was developed by Embrapa (Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation) in partnership with the Fundacao Pro-Sementes de Apoio a Pesquisa. It is the result of a cross between the genotypes PFT 512 and CEP 28 Guara, adapted to the environmental conditions of cultivation in southern Brazil.

Número ideal de amostras para classificação comercial de cultivares de trigo no Brasil

The objective of this work was to estimate the optimal number of samples for commercial classification of wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) cultivars for gluten strength average, in the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Parana, the main wheat producing regions in Brazil. The alveography analysis results of grain samples, from competition assays of three wheat cultivars (up to 280 experiments in 11 years), were used. The optimal number of samples was estimated based on the properties of the mean sampling distribution by adaptation region, in the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Parana. The optimal number ranged from 13 to 22, 30 to 49, and 121 to 197 samples per state, respectively, for to error margin of 30, 20, and 10 gluten strength units (W), with minimum of 7, 16, and 63 samples per adaptation region and per state for error margin of 30, 20 and 10 W, respectively. The optimal number of samples for commercial classification of wheat cultivars, in the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Parana, is of at least 13 samples per state and of 7 samples per adaptation region and per state for error margin of 30 W, which are higher values than those used by breeders for classification.

Uso do germoplasma da Embrapa nos programas de melhoramento de trigo no Brasil

The wheat breeding program of Embrapa has an important role in the history of this cereal in Brazil, releasing more than one hundred new cultivars to different regions of the country in almost forty years of existence. However, is not possible assign its importance only to the number of cultivars, but also the impact of their germplasm in other brazilian wheat breeding programs. The objective of this study was to quantify the importance of Embrapas germplasm in the brazilian wheat breeding programs. Were analyzed the genealogies of all wheat cultivars indicated for growth since 2005 and 2012, by institution. During the study period, the average participation of Embrapas germplasm on cultivars of other institutions was 58.7%, with emphasis to Biotrigo Genetica, CCGL TEC and OR Melhoramento de Sementes Ltda, respectively, in which use was 100%, 97.5% and 87.7%.

Resultados agronômicos e qualitativos da nova cultivar de trigo 'BRS 296'

The wheat cultivar BRS 296, developed by Embrapa, was released to production in 2009. It was originated of cross between PF 93232 and COOK*4/VPM1, carried out in green-house, in the summer of 1992/1993. The segregate generations were conducted by genealogic method until homozigose of genotype, named PF 990283. It has excellent leave and spike sanity and production stability. Preliminarily, it was classified as Bread Wheat and is recommended to all wheat regions of Brazil.

BRS Louro: wheat cultivar

Wheat cultivar ‘BRS Louro’ was developed by Embrapa (Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation). It was result of a cross of PF 869114 and BR 23. ‘BRS Louro’ has excellent agronomic features, medium resistance to scab and high grain productivity.