E.F. Silva

Dopplerfluxometria das artérias renais: valores normais das velocidades sistólica e diastólica e do índice resistivo nas artérias renais principais

Dopplerfluxometry of renal arteries has been used to estimate renal perfusion in humans. The aim of this study was to use Dopplerfluxometry technique to calculate the resistive index of main renal arteries in dogs, measuring their systolic and diastolic blood flow velocities. Twenty (10 males, 10 females), adult mongrel dogs, were used in this study. The dogs were submitted to Doppler sonographic evaluation of left and right main renal arteries. The systolic and diastolic blood flow velocities, expressed (in centimeters per second) as mean and standard deviation were 79.96± 8.82 and 28.86± 5.11 in the right main renal artery and 80.22± 6.99 and 29.62± 4.14 in the left main renal artery. The value of resistive index expressed as mean ± standard deviation was 0.64± 0.04 for the right main renal artery and 0.63± 0.028 in the left main renal artery.

Freqüência de displasia coxofemoral em cães da raça Labrador Retriever no Estado de Minas Gerais

Ninety three X-ray of Labrador Retriever dogs, males and females, obtained from February 1995 to March 2001, were studied with the purpose of establishing the frequency of hip dysplasia. X-rays were taken with the animal in the ventrodorsal position, with the limbs parallels and the pelves in symmetry. The study indicated that 74.2% of the animals had hip dysplasia of different grades.

Heart rate variability and arrhythmias evaluated with Holter in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease

As cardiopatias cursam com alteracoes do controle autonomico do coracao, resultando em taquicardia e consequente diminuicao na variabilidade da frequencia cardiaca (VFC). O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se o desenvolvimento de insuficiencia cardiaca secundaria a degeneracao valvar mitral (DVM) leva a alteracoes no controle autonomico do coracao, as quais podem ser determinadas pela eletrocardiografia continua (Holter). Caes foram distribuidos em grupos experimentais apos avaliacao clinica e ecocardiografica da seguinte maneira: controle (saudaveis; n=6), DVM sem insuficiencia cardiaca (n=8) e DVM com insuficiencia cardiaca (n=13). Arritmias e VFC foram determinadas pelo Holter. Animais portadores de DVM, quando comparados ao controle, apresentaram diminuicao significativa da potencia total, a qual e representativa de toda a VFC. Somente caes doentes e com insuficiencia cardiaca apresentaram incidencia elevada de arritmias supraventriculares, frequencia cardiaca aumentada, pequena quantidade de pausas superiores a 2,0s entre batimentos consecutivos, permanencia por mais tempo em taquicardia do que em bradicardia, diminuido indice de alta frequencia (indicativo de controle parassimpatico) e elevado indice de baixa frequencia (indicativo de controle simpatico e parassimpatico), quando comparados ao controle (p<0,05). Assim, conclui-se que, em caes portadores de DVM, as variaveis obtidas com o Holter apresentam-se alteradas devido ao desenvolvimento de insuficiencia cardiaca.

Índices ecoDopplercardiográficos de função ventricular esquerda em cães das raças Boxer e Schnauzer Miniatura

The index of myocardial performance (IMP) and others ecoDopplercardiographic indexes of ventricular function were evaluated in dogs of two different breeds and somatotypes. Twenty-four Miniature Schnauzer dogs averaging 8.4±1.6kg and 24 Boxer dogs averaging 25.1±2.6kg were used. IPM, ejection phase indexes, pre-ejection period, pre-ejection period/ejection time relation, and E wave deceleration time of mitral inflow showed correlation to body weight with significant differences between the breeds. Body weight was considered the main breed characteristic responsible for the observed differences. Ejection time (r=-0.51), pre-ejection time (r=-0.44), and isovolumetric relaxation time (r=-0.38) presented correlation with heart rate. The use of pre-ejection period/ejection time relation and ejection time correct by heart rate diminishes the influence of heart rate on the parameters.

Diagnóstico citológico de neoplasia pulmonar por meio de lavado broncoalveolar em uma cadela: relato de caso

This article reports a case of a bitch, Poodle, 12 year-old with chronic cough, which had insufficient response to medicamentous therapy. Thoracic radiographic revealed a lobar consolidation in left caudal pulmonary lobe. A bronchoalveolar lavage sample was collected by bronchoscopy for cytology examination. Malignant epithelial cells were observed through cytology allowing the diagnosis of carcinoma. The differential diagnosis between primary pulmonary neoplasm and metastatic neoplasm was not possible.

Perfis eletrocardiográfico e ecodopplercardiográfico de ovinos após ingestão da suspensão aquosa de Mascagnia rigida Griseb. (Malpighiaceae).

The electrocardiographical and echocardiographical alterations produced by intraruminal administration of Mascagnia rigida griseb. (Malpighiaceae) in sheep were studied. Fifteen male Santa Ines sheep were randomly allotted to three groups: G1 - animals only received water (control); G2 - animals were treated with M. rigida, 20g/kg/day, for three days; and G3 - animals were treated with M. rigida, 20g/kg/day, for seven days. All treatments were administered by an orogastric tube. M. rigida administration produced increase in heart rate during rest and exercise, and decreased in fractional ejection, and fractional shortening.

Ecocardiografia modo Doppler pulsado em gatos clinicamente sadios

Pulsed wave Doppler echocardiography was used to study blood flow across the cardiac valves in 30 five-year-old cats (average body weight = 4.08kg). Animals were sedated using a combination of ketamin (12mg/kg, IM) and acepromazin (0.04mg/kg, IM). Peak and mean velocities were determined, and blood flow patterns were recorded at the four cardiac valves. All variables, except those characterizing aortic valve flow, were positively correlated with heart rate. Blood flow variables were not correlated, however, with body weight; and there were no differences between males and females.

Avaliação radiográfica da silhueta cardíaca pelo método vertebral heart size em cães da raça Yorkshire Terrier clinicamente normais

The mean vertebral heart size (VHS) was established for Yorkshire Terrier dogs. Thirty clinically normal dogs with mean weight of 2.42±0.64kg and ages varying from one to six years of age, were studied. The animals were submitted to right lateral, ventrodorsal and dorsoventral thoracic radiographs. The Buchanan e Bucheler method was applied to the cardiac silhouette and thoracic depth and width. The VHS was 9.9±0.6 vertebrae on lateral, 10.1±0.6 on ventrodorsal and 10.0±0.6 on dorsoventral radiographs. There was no difference among these values. Five animals (16.7%) presented VHS values exceeding 10.5, the value suggested as upper limit for most breeds in lateral view. However, 95% of the animals in this study provide VHS values below the upper limit, and this should be equal to 11 vertebrae. The VHS values had significant correlation with body weight on lateral and VD radiographs. The mean depth:width ratio was 0.75±0.06. There was no correlation among VHS and depth:width ratios.

EcoDopplercardiografia em coelhos: uso de midazolam e midazolam associado à cetamina

The use of animals as experimental models often requires anesthesia, particularly when it comes to echocardiographic evaluation of rabbits. However, there is little information regarding the protocols and their effects on echocardiographic parameters. We used 20 male five month old New Zealand rabbits, weighing 3.2kg, distributed in two groups of 10 animals each: G1 - midazolam maleate associated with ketamine hydrochloride, and G2 - midazolam maleate. We compared the effect of two protocols on functional indicators of the left ventricle and the flow valves and we obtained lower values of heart rate and left ventricular ejection fraction and higher values of left ventricular diameter in systole, end-systolic volume of left ventricle and aortic diameter in the group that received only midazolam. Midazolam maleate was more effective because it promoted good sedation, allowing a good quality examination and limited effects on the cardiovascular system.

Ecocardiografia Doppler em cäes neonatos

Ten healthy puppies (five males and five females) were used to establish the regular echodopplercardiography profile during the neonatal period (from one to 30 days) utilizing Doppler (pulsed-wave and color flow). Mitral, tricuspid, aortic and pulmonary blood flows were measured. Positive correlations of all the measures, with body weight and age of the puppies for both sexes were observed. No differences in the cardiac development between male and female during the neonatal phase were observed.