Eda Demirhan

Smartphone addiction proneness in relation to sleep and morningness–eveningness in German adolescents

Background Mobile phones are an important part of adolescents’ life. In this study, the relationships among smartphone addiction, age, gender, and chronotype of German adolescents were examined. Materials and methods Two studies focused on two different measures of smartphone addiction. The Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale (SAPS) was applied to 342 younger adolescents (13.39u2009±u20091.77; 176 boys, 165 girls, and 1 not indicated) in Study 1 and the Smartphone Addiction Scale was applied to 208 older adolescents (17.07u2009±u20094.28; 146 girls and 62 boys) in Study 2, both samples in southwest Germany. In addition, a demographic questionnaire and the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM) and sleep measures were implemented. Results The most remarkable result of this study was that morningness–eveningness (as measured by CSM scores) is an important predictor for smartphone addiction; even stronger than sleep duration. Evening oriented adolescents scored higher on both smartphone addiction scales. In addition, gender is an important predictor for smartphone addiction and girls are more prone to become addicted. In addition, while sleep duration on weekdays negatively predicted SAPS, age, sleep duration on weekends, and midpoint of sleep on weekdays and weekends did not predicted smartphone addiction in both scales. The analysis of covariance revealed statistically significant effects of the covariates gender and age in both studies, as well as the main effect of chronotype. According to the t-test results, girls had higher scores than boys in smartphone addiction. Conclusion Evening types and girls are more prone to become smartphone addicted.

Is problematic mobile phone use explained by chronotype and personality

ABSTRACT In this study, the relationships among problematic mobile phone use, age, gender, personality and chronotype of Turkish university students were examined. The study included 902 university students (73% female, 27% male) and their participation in the study was anonymous and voluntary. Data were collected from each participant by assessing a demographic questionnaire, Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM) as a measure of chronotype, the Big Five Inventory (BIG-5) for personality assessment and Mobile Phone Problem Usage Scale (MPPUS). The most important result was that CSM scores were the best predictor for problematic mobile phone usage, and as a consequence, evening-oriented university students scored higher on the MPPUS. This result remained, even when compared with the most influential personality predictor, conscientiousness. In addition, while extraversion positively predicted, emotional stable and chronotype negatively predicted problematic mobile phone use. Lastly, age and gender were not predictors of problematic mobile phone use.

The role of chronotype on Facebook usage aims and attitudes towards Facebook and its features

The current study examined the effect of chronotype on a sample of Turkish university students Facebook usage aims and their attitudes towards Facebook and its features. For this cross-sectional study, 569 [379 (66.6%) female and 190 (33.4%) male] Turkish university students participated voluntarily and they were grouped as either morning (73), neither (435) or evening type (61) using Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM) scores based on the 10th and 90th percentiles. The main result of the study showed that evening types scored higher on Facebook usage aim and their attitudes towards Facebook and use of Facebook features when compared with morning types. Of the Facebook features, only status, groups, messages and notes were not statistically significant differences between evening types and morning types. Attitude Towards Facebook and Facebook Features are valid and reliable instruments.Individuals chronotype have an effect on Facebook usage aim, attitude towards Facebook and Facebook features.Evening types are higher score on Facebook usage aim, attitude towards Facebook and Facebook features.

Influence of a Dissection Video Clip on Anxiety, Affect, and Self-Efficacy in Educational Dissection: A Treatment Study.

A predissection video to instruct students about fish dissection was used in a treatment-control study. The dissection film group scored higher in positive affect, negative affect, anxiety, and self-efficacy after the dissection. The dissection film has clear benefits—increasing positive affect and self-efficacy—that come at the cost of higher negative affect and state anxiety.

Gifted and non-gifted students’ diurnal preference and the relationship between personality, sleep, and sleep quality

Abstract The current study had two main objectives. First, we examined gifted and non-gifted students’ diurnal preferences. Secondly, we examined the relationships among age, gender, personality, sleep quality, and chronotype of gifted students. Data were gathered from 276 gifted students and 1921 non-gifted students whose ages range between 7 and 17 years old, in same three cities in Turkey using the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM) to assess diurnal preference, the Big Five Inventory (BIG-5) to assess personality and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to measure sleep quality. The first result indicated that gifted students were more morning-oriented compared to non-gifted students. The other main result was that the conscientiousness was the best predictor of CSM scores in gifted students. Additionally, conscientiousness, age, and global PSQI predicted CSM scores, respectively. Moreover agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability were positively related to morning orientation, while age, sleep quality, sleep latency, daytime dysfunction, and global PSQI were negatively related with chronotype in gifted students.