Edem Ibragimov

Time and frequency domain characteristics of polarization-mode dispersion emulators

We investigate both experimentally and theoretically a new technique to realistically emulate polarization-mode dispersion (PMD). We propose and demonstrate a PMD emulator using rotatable connectors between sections of polarization-maintaining fibers that generates an ensemble of high PMD fiber realizations by randomly rotating the connectors. It is shown that: (1) the DGD of this emulator is Maxwellian-distributed over an ensemble of fiber realizations at any fixed optical frequency; and (2) the frequency autocorrelation function of the PMD emulator resembles that in a real fiber when averaged over an ensemble of fiber realizations. A realistic autocorrelation function is required for proper emulation of higher order PMD and indicates the feasibility of using this emulator for wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) systems.

Comparison of polarization mode dispersion emulators

We analyze polarization mode dispersion (PMD) emulators comprised of a small number of sections of polarization-maintaining fibers with polarization scattering at the beginning of each section. Unlike previously studied devices, these emulators allow the emulation of a whole ensemble of fibers. We derive an analytical expressions and determine two main criteria that characterize the quality of PMD emulation. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.

Real-Time Single-Carrier Coherent 100 Gb/s PM-QPSK Field Trial

The development of 100 Gb/s transponder technology is progressing rapidly to meet the needs of next-generation optical/IP carrier networks. In this paper, we describe the upgrade of an installed 10 Gb/s field system to 100 Gb/s using a real-time single-carrier, coherent 100 Gb/s polarization-multiplexed quadrature-phase-shift keyed channel. Performance sufficient for error-free operation after forward-error-correction was achieved over installed 900 and 1800 km links, proving the viability of 100 Gb/s upgrades to most installed systems. Excellent tolerance to fiber polarization mode dispersion and narrowband optical filtering demonstrates the applicability of this technology over the majority of installed fiber plant and through existing 50 GHz reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers.

Field trial of a real-time, single wavelength, coherent 100 Gbit/s PM-QPSK channel upgrade of an installed 1800km link

We demonstrate a real-time, single-wavelength, coherent 100 G PM-QPSK upgrade of a field system. Performance sufficient for error-free operation after forward-error-correction was achieved over installed 900 km and 1800 km links, proving the viability of seamless 100 Gb/s upgrades.

Coherent 100 Gb/s PM-QPSK field trial

The development of 100 Gb/s transponder technology is progressing rapidly to meet the needs of next-generation optical/IP carrier networks. In this paper, we describe the upgrade of an installed 10 Gb/s field system to 100 Gb/s using a real-time single-carrier, coherent 100 Gb/s polarization-multiplexed quadrature-phase-shift keyed channel. Performance sufficient for error-free operation after forward-error-correction was achieved over installed 900 and 1800 km links, proving the viability of 100 Gb/s upgrades to most installed systems. Excellent tolerance to fiber polarization mode dispersion and narrowband optical filtering demonstrates the applicability of this technology over the majority of installed fiber plant and through existing 50 GHz reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers.

Cycle slip probability in 100G PM-QPSK systems

We estimate asymptotic probabilities of a cycle slip for a non-decision aided feedforward carrier synchronizer in dispersion-uncompensated optical lines with negligible nonlinear crosstalk.

PMD-induced reduction of nonlinear penalties in terrestrial optical fiber transmission

We simulated optical fiber transmission with large PMD using realistic parameters. We found that nonlinearly-induced chirp coupled to second-order PMD tan lead to a penalty reduction.

Implementation challenges of 100G coherent transponders

We present challenges associated with taking a proof of concept to a commercial transponder suitable for field deployment requires design decisions to optimize performance, margin, power consumption and manufacturing cost.