Edgar Prieto-Suárez

Evaluación Antropométrica de Estudiantes Universitarios en Bogotá, Colombia

Objetivo Determinar el estado nutricional de los estudiantes en edad adulta de pregrado de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogota, a traves del uso de indicadores antropometricos. Metodologia Los datos se recolectaron entre el segundo semestre academico de 2001 y el primero de 2004. Para la determinacion del tamano de la muestra se empleo muestreo estratificado, realizando asignacion proporcional por facultades. La muestra estuvo conformada por 1 865 estudiantes, en su mayoria entre los 18 y 25 anos de edad, de los cuales el 48,3 % eran mujeres y el 51,7 % hombres. Resultados Se encontro una prevalencia de malnutricion de 21,7 %, siendo mayor el exceso de peso que el deficit (12,4 % vs. 9,3 %). En general, la informacion obtenida sobre antropometria del brazo dejo ver una situacion mas critica para los hombres, especialmente en lo que se refiere a reserva muscular, ya que mas del 60 % de ellos tuvo una clasificacion de baja o muy baja reserva mientras que en las mujeres este porcentaje fue menor (alrededor del 40 %). Discusion Los resultados de sobrepeso y obesidad encontrados en los estudiantes (11,1 % y 1,3 % respectivamente) fueron inferiores a los reportados para el pais, en la Encuesta Nacional de Situacion Nutricional (ENSIN) 2005, en la cual se presento una prevalencia de sobrepeso de 32,3 % y de obesidad de13,8 %. Se debe aclarar, que por no existir otros estudios similares a nivel nacional, se tomo la ENSIN como referencia, aun cuando esta abarco un grupo de edad mayor. En conclusion ocho de cada diez estudiantes adultos de pregrado de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, presentaron un adecuado estado nutricional.

Evaluación de la ingesta dietética en estudiantes universitarios. Bogotá, Colombia

Objetivo Determinar la ingesta dietetica de los estudiantes en edad adulta de pregrado de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogota. Metodologia Los datos se recolectaron entre el segundo semestre academico de 2001 y el primero de 2004. Para la determinacion del tamano de la muestra se empleo muestreo estratificado, realizando asignacion proporcional por Facultades. La muestra estuvo conformada por 1 865 estudiantes, en su mayoria entre los 18 y 25 anos de edad, de los cuales el 48,3 % eran mujeres y el 51,7 % hombres. Resultados Se resalta que mas del 60 % tanto de hombres como de mujeres presento subadecuacion en el consumo de calorias. La mitad de los estudiantes presento sobreadecuacion de proteinas y una tercera parte presento un consumo bajo de este nutriente. Seis de cada diez estudiantes presento porcentajes bajos de adecuacion en el consumo de grasa y siete de cada diez en el consumo de carbohidratos. El consumo de hierro y calcio fue inadecuado en mas del 50 % de los estudiantes y el de vitamina A en aproximadamente el 80 %. Discusion Los resultados sugieren una alimentacion insuficiente en cantidad y posiblemente en calidad de nutrientes, asi como una dieta no equilibrada. Siendo este un problema multicausal, el estudio permite deducir algunas de las razones de la situacion hallada, dentro de las que son evidentes los malos habitos alimentarios y la omision de tiempos de comida, asi como factores economicos y sociales.

Caracterización del proceso de preparación y respuesta de entidades territoriales de salud ante la introducción del virus Chikungunya, Colombia, 2014

Objective To describe the process of preparation and response of local health authorities in key public health issues while facing the introduction stage of an unusual virus: Chikungunya in Colombia in 2014. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using a survey that was developed for this study and sent to Public Health coordinators and to the person in charge of vector borne-diseases in the countrys territorial entities. Results 23 out of the 35 territories at risk from the transmission of Chikungunya agreed to answer the survey. A global review of the survey scores for each evaluated section shows better performances in the areas of knowledge management, comprehensive patient care, epidemiological intelligence, and health promotion. According to the results of this study, the epidemiological surveillance system during the Chikungunya epidemic had a low acceptability and flexibility, possibly contributing to the underreporting of cases. Conclusions In general, knowledge and implementation by local authorities of the Integrated Health Strategy- EGI (Estrategia de Gestión Integral, by its Spanish acronym)- for vector-borne diseases was evident from the themes evaluated in this study. However, it is necessary to reinforce the communication of risks, laboratory, and outbreak and contingencies management areas faced during the introduction of new viruses.

Proporción de leptospirosis y factores relacionados en pacientes con diagnóstico presuntivo de dengue, 2010-2012

OBJECTIVE Using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) from 2010-2012 for identifying leptospirosis-related and sociodemographic variables in patients having a confirmed diagnosis of dengue and those for whom it had been discarded. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective study of 238 sera samples. 106 patients died, 64 of their samples were negative for dengue and 42 proved positive. 132 samples from live patients proved positive for dengue; 29 were confirmed by PCR and/or virus isolation and 103 had positive IgM readings. MAT was used for all sera and diagnosing Leptospira, epidemiological records were reviewed and the data was analysed. RESULTS 42 dengue positive patients died; 3 (7%) were positive for Leptospira interrogans sero group Australis autumnalis (two girls aged 5 and 17 years-old and a 14 year-old boy). Of the 64 deceased patients who proved negative for dengue, 7 (11%) were found positive for L.interrogans from sero groups Pomona, Autumnalis, Canicola and Ballum (5 males aged 8 to 58 years-old and 2 women aged 35 and 56 years-old). Of the 103 living patients who proved positive for dengue IgM, 3 (2.9%) were positive for Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae from the Cynopteri, Javanica Proechimys and Autumnalis sero groups(1 male and 2 females). None of the 29 living patients confirmed as having dengue were positive for Leptospira. CONCLUSIONS Leptospirosis should be suspected not only as the sole causative agent of febrile syndrome but also of co-infection which could compromise a patient and be related to mortality.

Determinantes del desempeño psicomotor en escolares de Barranquilla, Colombia

OBJECTIVE To establish the prevalence of the psychomotor profile in children aged four to eight years attending the schools of the North Historical Center of Barranquilla, Colombia. METHOD A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 755 students from public and private schools aged between 4 and 8 years. The motor profile was measured by Da Fonseca Psychomotor Battery. RESULTS An increased risk for apraxic-dyspraxic performance of the global praxis subfactor was observed in schoolchildren aged four to five years [OR 4.8; 95 % CI; 3.3-7.1] who study in public schools [OR 4.4; 95 % CI; 2.7-7.3], in those classified in the socioeconomic in strata 1, 2 and 3 [OR 2.4; 95 % CI; 1.5-3.9], and in those with an increased weight [OR 2; 95 % CI; 1.2-3.3]. The highest risk for apraxic-dyspraxic performance correlated to public school students [OR 1.9; 95% CI; 1.3-2.8] aged between four and five [OR 3.7; 95 % CI; 2.7-5.3]. The apraxic-dyspraxic performance in the structuring of the temporal space subfactor was higher in girls [OR 1.6; 95 % CI; 1.1- 2.2], in schoolchildren aged four to five [OR 4.8; 95 % CI; 3.3-7.1], in students of public schools [OR 1.9; 95 % CI; 2.7- 5.3], and in children classified in the socioeconomic strata 1, 2 and 3 [OR 1.6; 95 % CI; 1.1-2.7]. CONCLUSIONS Determinants such as studying in public schools, nutritional status, gender and socioeconomic stratum are related to motor performance in students.

Determinants of psychomotor performance in schoolchildren from Barranquilla, Colombia

OBJECTIVE To establish the prevalence of the psychomotor profile in children aged four to eight years attending the schools of the North Historical Center of Barranquilla, Colombia. METHOD A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 755 students from public and private schools aged between 4 and 8 years. The motor profile was measured by Da Fonseca Psychomotor Battery. RESULTS An increased risk for apraxic-dyspraxic performance of the global praxis subfactor was observed in schoolchildren aged four to five years [OR 4.8; 95 % CI; 3.3-7.1] who study in public schools [OR 4.4; 95 % CI; 2.7-7.3], in those classified in the socioeconomic in strata 1, 2 and 3 [OR 2.4; 95 % CI; 1.5-3.9], and in those with an increased weight [OR 2; 95 % CI; 1.2-3.3]. The highest risk for apraxic-dyspraxic performance correlated to public school students [OR 1.9; 95% CI; 1.3-2.8] aged between four and five [OR 3.7; 95 % CI; 2.7-5.3]. The apraxic-dyspraxic performance in the structuring of the temporal space subfactor was higher in girls [OR 1.6; 95 % CI; 1.1- 2.2], in schoolchildren aged four to five [OR 4.8; 95 % CI; 3.3-7.1], in students of public schools [OR 1.9; 95 % CI; 2.7- 5.3], and in children classified in the socioeconomic strata 1, 2 and 3 [OR 1.6; 95 % CI; 1.1-2.7]. CONCLUSIONS Determinants such as studying in public schools, nutritional status, gender and socioeconomic stratum are related to motor performance in students.

Evaluación de parámetros hematológicos en trabajadores expuestos a pesticidas organofosforados, carbamatos y piretroides, Cundinamarca 2016-2017

OBJECTIVE To establish hematotoxic alterations through clinical and paraclinical exploration in workers who are exposed to organophosphorus pesticides, carbamates and pyrethroids (OPCP) due to their work in production, packaging, distribution and fumigation processes in Cundinamarca-Colombia between 2016 and 2017. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive epidemiological study was carried out on a sample of 92 workers from six companies, mostly aged between 18 and 30 years, of which 61 % were males and 39 % females, and 71 % were workers in the operational area and 29 % in the administrative area. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS Clinical exploration reported findings in 17 % of the sample group, of which only 2 % presented with erythrocyte cholinesterase outside the reference range. The values of hematological parameters such as peripheral blood smear (PBS) and complete blood count (CBC) were outside the range in 15 % and 47 % of the sample, respectively. DISCUSSION The results suggest that there are hematological alterations in this group that could possibly be associated with chronic exposure to OPCP.

Structural determinants in countries with decreased prevalence of HIV/AIDS infection between 2001 and 2011

OBJECTIVE The present study aims analyze and compare structural features in order to establish a model about the decline in HIV/AIDS infection (greater than or equal to 25 %) in twenty-two countries between 2001 and 2011. METHODS Retrospective cohort focused on social determinants of health perspective. The methodology was mainly documentary (epidemic behavior) and quantitative (simple linear regression model for economic and health variables). RESULTS The major indicators that influence the decrease in the prevalence of HIV are: GDP per capita, health expenditure per capita and the Gini index CONCLUSIONS Structural determinants, as well as inequities, may or not influence the decrease in prevalence of HIV. This hypothesis could be applied to other public health issues.

Determinantes estructurales de países con decrecimiento en la prevalencia por la infección VIH/SIDA en el periodo 2001-2011

OBJECTIVE The present study aims analyze and compare structural features in order to establish a model about the decline in HIV/AIDS infection (greater than or equal to 25 %) in twenty-two countries between 2001 and 2011. METHODS Retrospective cohort focused on social determinants of health perspective. The methodology was mainly documentary (epidemic behavior) and quantitative (simple linear regression model for economic and health variables). RESULTS The major indicators that influence the decrease in the prevalence of HIV are: GDP per capita, health expenditure per capita and the Gini index CONCLUSIONS Structural determinants, as well as inequities, may or not influence the decrease in prevalence of HIV. This hypothesis could be applied to other public health issues.