Edio Luiz Petroski

Atividade física e estado de saúde mental de idosos

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associacao entre nivel de atividade fisica e o estado de saude mental de pessoas idosas. METODOS: Inquerito de base populacional com amostragem probabilistica, incluindo 875 idosos da cidade de Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, em 2002. Foram aplicados os questionarios: Internacional de Atividades Fisicas e Brazil Old Age Schedule. Os problemas de saude mental avaliados foram depressao e demencia, alem da pratica de atividade fisica total (lazer, ocupacao, deslocamentos e servicos domesticos). Apos analises descritivas e bivariadas, realizou-se analise ajustada por meio de regressao logistica, com ajuste para os fatores de atividade fisica total, atividade de lazer, escores de depressao e demencia. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se associacao estatisticamente significativa e inversa de demencia e depressao com atividade fisica total e atividade fisica no lazer. A odds ratio ajustada para demencia entre os sujeitos sedentarios para atividade fisica total comparada a dos ativos foi de 2,74 (IC 95%: 1,85; 4,08), enquanto o respectivo valor para depressao foi de 2,38 (IC 95%: 1,70; 3,33). CONCLUSOES: Os resultados reforcam a importância de estilo de vida ativo para prevencao de problemas de saude mental de idosos. Infere-se que a atividade fisica tem conseguido reduzir e/ou atrasar os riscos de demencia, embora nao se possa afirmar que a atividade fisica evita a demencia.

Reprodutibilidade e validade do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ) em homens idosos

It is necessary to efficiently and economically find means to quantify the level of physical activity of the population. Questionnaires are viable and economical; however, their trustworthiness is questionable. This study aimed to determine the reproducibility and validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) in elderly men. The sampling was composed of 29 elderly men over the age of 60, average age of 66.6 years (SD = 4.3), who were members of the extension program at the Federal University of Santa Catarina. The instruments used were: a) IPAQ extended version; b) pedometer and c) Bouchards Physical Activity Diary (PAD). For reproducibility, the IPAQ was applied twice with a 21 day interval (rs = 0.95). The statistical analysis used was Spearman Correlation (rs); Concordance Percentile (%C); Kappa Index (k); and Bland and Altman plot. The sample was divided using the median as criterion. The reproducibility showed a correlation of rs 0.95. The combination between IPAQ and PAD was: rs = 0.38; %C = 69 and k = 0.04. The combination between IPAQ and the Pedometer was: rs = 0.24; %C = 62 and k = 0.19. It was concluded that the validity varied from moderate to low while the reproducibility was adequate.It is necessary to efficiently and economically find means to quantify the level of physical activity of the population. Questionnaires are viable and economical; however, their trustworthiness is questionable. This study aimed to determine the reproducibility and validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) in elderly men. The sampling was composed of 29 elderly men over the age of 60, average age of 66.6 years (SD = 4.3), who were members of the extension program at the Federal University of Santa Catarina. The instruments used were: a) IPAQ extended version; b) pedometer and c) Bouchard’s Physical Activity Diary (PAD). For reproducibility, the IPAQ was applied twice with a 21 day interval (r s = 0.95). The statistical analysis used was Spearman Correlation (r s ); Concordance Percentile (%C); Kappa Index (k); and Bland and Altman plot. The sample was divided using the median as criterion. The reproducibility showed a correlation of r s 0.95. The combination between IPAQ and PAD was: r s = 0.38; %C = 69 and k = 0.04. The combination between IPAQ and the Pedometer was: r s = 0.24; %C = 62 and k = 0.19. It was concluded that the validity varied from moderate to low while the reproducibility was adequate.

Imagem corporal em adolescentes: associação com a maturação sexual e sintomas de transtornos alimentares

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of body image (BI) with sexual maturation and symptoms of eating disorders among adolescents. METHODS: A total of 325 adolescent girls (11 to 14 years) from Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were studied. A body silhouette scale and the Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26) were used. Information about menarche were recorded. RESULTS: The prevalence of BI dissatisfaction was 75.8%, with 61.5% of the girls wishing to reduce body weight. The mean age at menarche was 11.5 years (SD = 0.99). A significant association was observed between BI and menarche (p < 0.001), age at menarche (p < 0.001), and symptoms of eating disorders (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The presence of menarche and its occurrence at an early age causes adolescents show a greater desire to lose weight. In addition, girls wishing to be thinner are more likely to present symptoms of eating disorders.

Prevalência de fatores de risco cardiovascular em adolescentes

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents and to verify its association with age and gender. 644 high school students from public schools in the city of Londrina, Parana State, Brazil, participated in the study. A two-step sampling process was used. Behavioral risk factors (physical inactivity, inadequate consumption of fruits and vegetables, and smoking) and biological risk factors (overweight and high blood pressure) were investigated. Nearly 90% of adolescents showed at least one risk factor. Inadequate consumption of fruits (56.7%) and vegetables (43.9%) and physical inactivity (39.2%) were the most prevalent risk factors. Prevalence rates for high blood pressure and overweight were 18.6 and 12.7%, respectively. Cardiovascular risk factors were more frequent among boys (PR = 1.20; 95%CI = 1.01-1.42). In conclusion, cardiovascular risk factors are a prevalent health issue among students in the city of Londrina.

Insatisfação com a imagem corporal e relação com estado nutricional, adiposidade corporal e sintomas de anorexia e bulimia em adolescentes

Objetivos: Identificar a prevalencia de insatisfacao com a imagem corporal e de sintomas de anorexia e bulimia em adolescentes do sexo feminino da cidade de Santa Maria (RS) e verificar a associacao da insatisfacao com a imagem corporal com estado nutricional, adiposidade corporal e sintomas de anorexia e bulimia. Metodo: Foram analisadas 258 adolescentes do sexo feminino (11 a 13 anos), estudantes de escolas publicas. Aplicou-se o Body Shape Questionnaire e o Teste de Atitudes Alimentares (EAT-26). Foram calculados o indice de massa corporal e o percentual de gordura. Foram utilizados o teste qui-quadrado e a regressao logistica. Resultados: A prevalencia de insatisfacao com a imagem corporal foi de 25,3% e a de sintomas de anorexia e bulimia foi de 27,6%. A insatisfacao com a imagem corporal apresentou associacao com o estado nutricional, sendo que as adolescentes com excesso de peso apresentaram maior insatisfacao (razao de chances = 2,64; IC95%= 1,02-6,83). Conclusao: As prevalencias de insatisfacao corporal e sintomas de anorexia e bulimia foram elevadas. O estado nutricional parece ser o melhor preditor da insatisfacao corporal.

Insatisfação com a imagem corporal: avaliação comparativa da associação com estado nutricional em universitários

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between body image dissatisfaction and two indicators of nutritional status in Brazilian university students, and also to identify the best predictor of body image dissatisfaction in Brazilian university students. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 256 university students (128 males). Data were collected on demographics (age and sex), anthropometrics (body mass, stature and skinfold thickness), and body image (current silhouette and ideal silhouette). Body mass index (< 18.5 or ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 = abnormal) and the sum of five skinfolds (≤ 30 or ≥ 62 and ≤ 43 or ≥ 76 mm = abnormal, for men and women, respectively) were then calculated. The analysis included descriptive statistics, proportionality testing, chi-square test and logistic regression. RESULTS: Mean age of the sample was 23.1 years (standard deviation = 5.3) and the frequency of body image dissatisfaction was 78.8%. Body image dissatisfaction was not associated with sex or body mass index. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that the odds ratio for abnormal sum of five skinfolds was 2.56. CONCLUSION: Body mass index was not a determinant of body image dissatisfaction, whereas the sum of five skinfolds proved to be a significant predictor of this disorder, irrespective of sex.

Motivos e prevalência de insatisfação com a imagem corporal em adolescentes

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of body image (BI) dissatisfaction in adolescents. The study enrolled 641 adolescents aged 11 to 17 from the town of Saudades, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The prevalence of BI dissatisfaction was 60.4% (males = 54.5%, females = 65.7%; p < 0.05). Boys were more likely to wish to increase the size of their body silhouette (26.4%) while girls wished to reduce theirs (52.4%). Adolescents from urban areas manifested greater prevalence of BI dissatisfaction and were more likely to want to reduce their body silhouette. The reasons given by these adolescents for why they were dissatisfied with their body images were similar for both sexes (p = 0.156). When analyzed by neighborhood the urban adolescents said that their dissatisfaction was esthetic, whereas the rural adolescents said it was based on self-esteem. An association was detected between perceived BI and the reasons for dissatisfaction. CONCLUSIONS Esthetics, self-esteem and health were the most common reasons for BI dissatisfaction among these adolescents. More than half of them were dissatisfied with their body silhouettes. Therefore, there is a need for interventions by health services and professionals in this age range in order to avoid possible future problems with eating disorders (anorexia, bulimia and vigorexia).OBJETIVO: Verificar os motivos e a prevalencia de insatisfacao com a imagem corporal (IC) em adolescentes. Metodos: Participaram do estudo 641 adolescentes de 11 a 17 anos. A imagem corporal foi autoavaliada atraves da escala de nove silhuetas corporais. Resultados: A prevalencia de insatisfacao com a IC foi de 60,4% (masculino = 54,5%, feminino = 65,7%; p < 0,05). Os rapazes (26,4%) apresentaram maior desejo em aumentar o tamanho da silhueta corporal, enquanto as mocas (52,4%) desejavam diminuir. Prevalencia mais elevada de insatisfacao com a IC foi encontrada nos adolescentes urbanos. Os motivos indicados pelos adolescentes para a insatisfacao foram similares entre os sexos (p = 0,156). Quando ao domicilio, a estetica foi o motivo indicado pelos adolescentes urbanos e a autoestima pelos adolescentes rurais. Foi encontrada associacao entre a percepcao da imagem corporal e os motivos de insatisfacao. Conclusoes: A estetica, a autoestima e a saude sao os motivos que mais influenciam a insatisfacao com a IC. Mais da metade dos adolescentes esta insatisfeita com sua silhueta corporal. Neste sentido, intervencoes por profissionais e servicos de saude sao necessarias nessa fase da vida, para prevenir possiveis problemas futuros de disturbios alimentares (anorexia, bulimia e vigorexia).

Aptidão física relacionada à saúde de escolares brasileiros: dados do projeto esporte Brasil

OBJETIVE: To analyze the physical fitness of Brazilian schoolchildren, according to a health-referenced criteria assessment. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, school-based, epidemiological study of 7,507 schoolchildren (4,114 boys and 3,393 girls) aged 7 to 10 years. The following variables were measured: body weight, height, flexibility (sit-and-reach), muscle strength/resistance (1 minute modified abdominal) and cardiorespiratory fitness (9- minute walk/run). The criteria and classifications used for the motor tests were recommended by the Physical Best. RESULTS: The motor tests demonstrated low physical fitness, representing health risk in terms of flexibility (boys: 58.3%; girls: 51.2%, p<0.001), muscle strength/resistance (boys: 75.3%; girls: 73.8%, p<0.001) and cardiorespiratory fitness (boys: 80.8%; girls: 77.6%, p<0.001). The overall classification derived from all the three motor tests showed that very high proportion of the schoolchildren (~96%) did not meet the preestablished cut-offs for a satisfactory level of physical fitness. CONCLUSIONS: Effective intervention programs promoting changes in physical fitness standards are needed in order to contribute to the development of healthier levels of motor performance, especially based on public policy initiatives that provide opportunities for physical activity and sports in neighborhoods, parks and condominiums.

Comparison between the growth of Brazilian children and adolescents and the reference growth charts: data from a Brazilian project

OBJECTIVE To compare the growth of Brazilian children and adolescents with reference growth charts. METHODS School-based cross-sectional study involving 41,654 students (23,328 boys and 18,326 girls) aged 7 to 17 years. Physical growth variables (body weight, height) and body mass index (BMI) were measured. Height, 50th percentile, and BMI, 85th percentile, were compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) reference values, and weight, 50th percentile, was compared with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts. RESULTS Mean height and body weight of Brazilian schoolchildren were generally higher than the WHO and CDC reference values for both genders at most ages. BMI values of Brazilian schoolchildren were significantly lower than the WHO obesity values at all ages. CONCLUSION The growth in body weight, height, and BMI of children and adolescents in the urban area of Brazil is increasingly similar to those reported in developed countries. Further prospective studies should be conducted in Brazil comparing their results with the international growth charts to enable more accurate inferences.

Calibration of ActiGraph GT3X, Actical and RT3 accelerometers in adolescents

Abstract The objective of this study was to develop count cut-points for three different accelerometer models: ActiGraph GT3X, RT3 and Actical to accurately classify physical activity intensity levels in adolescents. Seventy-nine adolescents (10–15 years) participated in this study. Accelerometers and oxygen consumption () data were collected at rest and during 11 physical activities of different intensities. Accelerometers were worn on the waist and was measured by a portable metabolic system: Cosmed K4b2. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine cut-points. Cut-points for sedentary (SED), moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA) and vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA) were 46, 607 and 818 counts·15s−1 to the vertical axis of ActiGraph; 180, 757 and 1112 counts·15s−1 to the vector magnitude of ActiGraph; 17, 441 and 873 counts·15s−1 for Actical; and 5.6, 20.4 and 32.2 counts·s−1 for RT3, respectively. For all three accelerometer models, there was an almost perfect discrimination of SED and MVPA (ROC >0.97) and an excellent discrimination of VPA (ROC>0.90) observed. Areas under the ROC curves indicated better discrimination of MVPA by ActiGraph (AUC=0.994) and Actical (AUC=0.993) when compared to RT3 (AUC=0.983). The cut-points developed in this study for the ActiGraph (vector magnitude), RT3 and Actical accelerometer models can be used to monitor physical activity level of adolescents.